虚势中非扩展波包的观测
Observation of Nonspreading Wave Packets in an Imaginary Potential
摘要：
我们提出并实验证明了一种制备非扩散原子波包的方法。我们的技术依赖于一个空间调制的吸收不断凿离最初广泛的德布罗意波。由于海森堡的不确定原理，所产生的收缩被色散平衡。这种量子演化的结果是形成一个非扩散的波包的高斯形式与空间二次相位。在实验上，我们通过观察动量分布的演变来证实这些预测。此外，通过采用干涉技术，我们测量预测的二次相位跨越波包。在二维空间中也存在这种非扩展波包，我们可以用光学元件来控制它们的振幅和相位。
英文摘要：
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to prepare a nonspreading atomic wave packet. Our technique relies on a spatially modulated absorption constantly chiseling away from an initially broad de Broglie wave. The resulting contraction is balanced by dispersion due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. This quantum evolution results in the formation of a nonspreading wave packet of Gaussian form with a spatially quadratic phase. Experimentally, we confirm these predictions by observing the evolution of the momentum distribution. Moreover, by employing interferometric techniques, we measure the predicted quadratic phase across the wave packet. Nonspreading wave packets of this kind also exist in two space dimensions and we can control their amplitude and phase using optical elements.
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