laser驻波中原子内外自由度的同步
Synchronization of internal and external degrees of freedom of atoms in a standing laser wave
摘要：
研究了强激光驻波场中原子的耗散动力学，发现了原子质心运动与原子内部拉比振荡同步的非线性动力学效应。这种同步在相空间中表现为极限环，它们可能具有不同的周期和充满吸引力的盆地。这种效应可以在原子的荧光光谱中检测到，作为等距的边带频率，相邻峰之间的间隔与相应极限环的周期值成反比。随着激光场强度的增加，我们观察到数值级联的分叉，最终在解决一个奇怪的混沌吸引子。一个宽带噪声被示出破坏的精细结构的分叉的情况下，但突出的功能周期-1和周期-3极限环生存下的弱噪声。利用摩擦力的零点在速度空间中为吸引点或排斥点的情况，分析了原子运动的性质。我们发现激光参数的范围内的原子运动类似于一个随机的，但确定性的原子不规则地跳跃在不同的光势阱之间的行走。这样的随机行走是分形的意义上说，测量的特性的运动，退出的原子从一个给定的空间的驻波的时间，是一个复杂的功能，具有自相似的结构上的一个康托设置的值的控制参数之一。
英文摘要：
We consider dissipative dynamics of atoms in a strong standing laser wave and find a nonlinear dynamical effect of synchronization between center-of-mass motion and internal Rabi oscillations. The synchronization manifests itself in the phase space as limit cycles which may have different periods and riddled basins of attraction. The effect can be detected in the fluorescence spectra of atoms as equidistant sideband frequencies with the space between adjacent peaks to be inversely proportional to the value of the period of the respective limit cycle. With increasing the intensity of the laser field, we observe numerically cascades of bifurcations that eventually end up in settling a strange chaotic attractor. A broadband noise is shown to destroy a fine structure of the bifurcation scenario, but prominent features of period-1 and period-3 limit cycles survive under a weak noise. The character of the atomic motion is analyzed with the help of the friction force whose zeroes are attractor or repellor points in the velocity space. We find ranges of the laser parameters where the atomic motion resembles a random but deterministic walking of atoms erratically jumping between different wells of the optical potential. Such a random walking is shown to be fractal in the sense that the measured characteristic of the motion, time of exit of atoms from a given space of the standing wave, is a complicated function that has a self-similar structure with singularities on a Cantor set of values of one of the control parameters.
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