腔QED中的原子分形
Atomic Fractals in Cavity QED
摘要：
我们报道了驻波微腔中二能级原子非线性运动中原子分形的明显证据。分形结构，典型的混沌散射，在原子处于远失谐振幅（相位）调制驻波和（2）的腔QED（1）的一般半经典模型中，具有耦合的原子外部和内部自由度。在第二个模型中，所有自由度之间的微小相互作用是捕获原子的原因，即使是在非常短的微腔中。它至少可以同时导致两种原子分形，一种是可数分形（一组初始动量产生类似于分隔线的原子轨迹），另一种是看似不可数的分形，其中一组动量产生原子在腔内的无限行走。
英文摘要：
We report a clear evidence of atomic fractals in the nonlinear motion of a two-level atom in a standing-wave microcavity. Fractal-like structures, typical for chaotic scattering, are numerically found in the dependencies of outgoing positions and momenta of scattered atoms on their ingoing values and in the dependence of exit times of cold atoms on their initial momenta in the generic semiclassical models of cavity QED (1) with atoms in a far-detuned amplitude (phase)-modulated standing wave and (2) with coupled atomic external and internal degrees of freedom. Tiny interplay between all the degrees of freedom in the second model is responsible for trapping atoms even in a very short microcavity. It may lead simultaneously, at least, to two kinds of atomic fractals, a countable fractal (a set of initial momenta generating separatrix-like atomic trajectories) and a seemingly uncountable fractal with a set of momenta generating infinite walkings of atoms inside the cavity.
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