熵/信息约束是如何工作的？
How does the entropy/information bound work ?
摘要：
根据普适熵界，一个完整的弱自引力物理系统的熵（以及信息容量）可以仅根据其外切半径和总引力能来界定。该界的正确性是支持显式的统计计算熵，gedanken实验涉及广义第二定律，和布索的协变全息界。另一方面，在一个特定的例子中，系统如何避免在给定的能量下有太多的状态，从而避免违反约束，这并不总是显而易见的。我们详细分析了几个所谓的这种类型的反例（涉及系统的大质量粒子，系统在低温下，系统与最低的激发态，系统与退化的基态，或涉及粒子光谱与几乎无质量的物种增殖的高简并），并在每一种情况下表现出绑定的功效背后的机制。
英文摘要：
According to the universal entropy bound, the entropy (and hence information capacity) of a complete weakly self-gravitating physical system can be bounded exclusively in terms of its circumscribing radius and total gravitating energy. The bound's correctness is supported by explicit statistical calculations of entropy, gedanken experiments involving the generalized second law, and Bousso's covariant holographic bound. On the other hand, it is not always obvious in a particular example how the system avoids having too many states for given energy, and hence violating the bound. We analyze in detail several purported counterexamples of this type (involving systems made of massive particles, systems at low temperature, systems with high degeneracy of the lowest excited states, systems with degenerate ground states, or involving a particle spectrum with proliferation of nearly massless species), and exhibit in each case the mechanism behind the bound's efficacy.
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