磁性物质交换哈密顿量中两项的竞争
Competition of Two Terms in Exchange Hamiltonian for magnetic substances
摘要：
本文指出了以往磁学理论的不合理或错误。对于具有海森堡交换积分的N电子系统，正确的交换哈密顿量应该是两项，而不是以往磁性理论中的一项。考虑了交换中的次项汉密尔顿的作用。根据态叠加原理，得到了具有Heisenberg交换积分的系统的本征态、正项与负项之和以及能量（相对于交换作用）本征值。当正项等于负项的绝对值时，系统处于自旋玻璃态，系统中最近邻电子的每对自旋平行和反平行排列的几率相等。当正项与负项的绝对值不相等时，几率不相等，铁磁态与自旋玻璃或反铁磁态与自旋玻璃共存，铁磁态与自旋玻璃或反铁磁态与自旋玻璃共存时，系统的能量比以前理论中只存在铁磁态或反铁磁态时的能量低. Weiss铁磁态或Neel反铁磁态只是正项为零或负项为零的一种特殊态。
英文摘要：
The unjustifiable or wrong in the previous magnetism theories has been indicated in this paper. For a N electrons system with Heisenberg exchange integral, the correct exchange Hamilton should be of two terms, not only one as in the previous magnetism theories. The role of the minor term in the exchange Hamilton was considered. Based on the principle of superposition of state, the eigenstate of the system with Heisenberg exchange integral, the sum of a positive term and a negative term, and the energy (relative to exchange interaction) eigenvalue were attained. When the positive term is equal to the absolute value of the negative term, the system is in the spin glass state, the probabilities of parallel and antiparallel arrange for every pair of spins of electron of nearest neighbours in the system are equal. When the positive term is not equal to the absolute value of the negative term,the probabilities are not equal, and there coexist the ferromagnetic states and spin glass or antiferromagnetic state and spin glass,when ferromagnetic states and spin glass or antiferromagnetic state and spin glass coexist, the energy of the system is lower than that when only ferromagnetic states or antiferromagnetic state exists as in previous theory. Weiss ferromagnetic state or Neel anti ferromagnetic state is just a special state as the positive term is equal to zero or negative term is equal to zero.
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