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arXiv quant-ph/0307125quant-phmath.STstat.TH
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非定域性证明的统计强度

The statistical strength of nonlocality proofs

Wim van Dam, Peter Grunwald, Richard Gill

摘要:

贝尔定理有许多证明,说明量子力学与自然界的局部实在论是不相容的。在这里,我们定义的强度,这种非局部性的证据,对当地的现实主义提供了相应的实验方面。这个测度告诉我们,为了观察到对局部实在论的实质性违反,我们应该进行多少次实验。统计学上的考虑表明,证据的数量应该用Kullback-Leibler或相对熵来衡量,即各个理论预测的测量结果的概率分布之间的差异。因此,非定域性证明的统计强度取决于它的实验实现,即从实验(量子力学)真理到所有可能的局部理论的集合的Kullback-Leibler发散最大化。一种实现方式包括一种规格,利用该规格对不同测量设置进行采样的概率,并且因此在所有这样的设置分布上完成最大化。我们分析了两个版本的贝尔的非定域性证明(他原来的证明和优化版本的佩雷斯),并证明克劳泽霍恩Shimony霍尔特,哈代,Mermin和格林伯格霍恩Zeilinger。我们发现GHZ证明至少比其他证明强4.5倍,而在两方证明中,CHSH证明是最强的。

英文摘要:

There exist numerous proofs of Bell's theorem, stating that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local realistic theories of nature. Here we define the strength of such nonlocality proofs in terms of the amount of evidence against local realism provided by the corresponding experiments. This measure tells us how many trials of the experiment we should perform in order to observe a substantial violation of local realism. Statistical considerations show that the amount of evidence should be measured by the Kullback-Leibler or relative entropy divergence between the probability distributions over the measurement outcomes that the respective theories predict. The statistical strength of a nonlocality proof is thus determined by the experimental implementation of it that maximizes the Kullback-Leibler divergence from experimental (quantum mechanical) truth to the set of all possible local theories. An implementation includes a specification with which probabilities the different measurement settings are sampled, and hence the maximization is done over all such setting distributions. We analyze two versions of Bell's nonlocality proof (his original proof and an optimized version by Peres), and proofs by Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt, Hardy, Mermin, and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger. We find that the GHZ proof is at least four and a half times stronger than all other proofs, while of the two-party proofs, the one of CHSH is the strongest.

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