S. Dumitru
For theoretical approach of quantum measurements it is proposed a set of reconsidered conjectures. The proposed approach implies linear functional transformations for probability density and current but preserves the expressions for operators of observables. The measuring uncertainties appear as changes in the probabilistic estimators of observables.
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The usual conjectures of quantum measurements approaches, inspired from the traditional interpretation of Heisenberg's ("uncertainty") relations, are proved as being incorrect. A group of reconsidered conjectures and a corresponding new approach are set forth. The quantum measurements, regarded experimentally as statistical samplings, are described theoretically by means of linear integral transforms of quantum probability density and current, from intrinsic into recorded readings. Accordingly, the quantum observables appear as random variables, valuable, in both readings, through probabilisti…
Indistinguishability in quantum mechanics is an essential concept to understanding mysterious quantum features such as self-interference of a single photon and two-photon nonlocal correlation. Delayed-choice experiments are for the cause-effect violation via post-measurements of photons in an interferometric system. Recently, a macroscopic version of the delayed-choice experiments has been demonstrated using the classical means of Poisson distributed photons in a noninterfering Mach-Zehnder interferometer (NMZI). Here, a coherence version of the nonlocal correlation is presented using the wave…
The logical foundations of Bell's inequality are reexamined. We argue that the form of the reality condition that underpins Bell's inequality comes from the requirement of solving the quantum measurement problem. Hence any violation of Bell's inequality necessarily implies nonlocality because of the measurement problem. The differences in the implications of deterministic and stochastic formulations of Bell's inequality are highlighted. The reality condition used in Bell's inequality is shown to be a generalisation of Einstein's later form of realism.
Quantum image processing (QIP) means the quantum based methods to speed up image processing algorithms. Many quantum image processing schemes claim that their efficiency are theoretically higher than their corresponding classical schemes. However, most of them do not consider the problem of measurement. As we all know, measurement will lead to collapse. That is to say, executing the algorithm once, users can only measure the final state one time. Therefore, if users want to regain the results (the processed images), they must execute the algorithms many times and then measure the final state m…
Perspectives on Utilization of Measurements in Quantum Algorithms
本文系统综述了量子计算中的测量操作及其在量子算法中的应用，涵盖静态电路测量、动态电路测量和基于测量的错误缓解等方法，强调测量在量子算法设计各层面的重要性。
It is known that weak measurement can significantly amplify the mean of measurement results, sometimes out of the range limited in usual quantum measurement. This fact, as actively demonstrated recently in both theory and experiment, implies the possibility to estimate a very small parameter using the weak measurement technique. But does the weak measurement really bring about the increase of "information" for parameter estimation? This paper clarifies that, in a general situation, the answer is NO; more precisely, the weak measurement cannot further decrease the lower bound of the estimation …
Experimental Approaches to Distinguishing Quantum Collapse from Unitary Evolution: A Weak Measurement Perspective
本文提出利用弱测量和无意识观察者概念，通过干涉图样区分量子坍缩与幺正演化解释的实验方法。
We quantify the disturbance of a quantum state undergoing a sequence of observations, and particularly focus on a weak measurement followed by post-selection and compare these results to the projective counterpart. Taking into account the distinguishability of both, the system and the device, we obtain the exact trade-off between the system state disturbance and the change of the device pointer state. We show that for particular post-selection procedures the coupling strength between the system and the device can be significantly reduced without loosing measurement sensitivity, which is direct…
I show that the quantum measurement problem can be understood if the measurement is seen as a ``speech act'' in the sense of modern language theory. The reduction of the state vector is in this perspective an intersubjectice -- or better a-subjective -- symbolic process. I then give some perspectives on applications to the ``Mind-Body problem''.
Non-Hermitian sensing from the perspective of post-selected measurements
本文利用 Naimark 扩张揭示非厄米量子传感与后选择测量的联系，以有效 QFI 与总 QFI 界定灵敏度和效率，并证明充分利用信息时非厄米传感器不能超越厄米对应物。
Structural perspectives from quantum states and measurements in optimal state discrimination
本研究探究结构信息对量子态最优判别概率的影响，通过分析单量子比特与高维情形的差异，给出三态最优判别概率的闭式重述，并利用最优解中消失的测量算子信息得到更紧的上界。
The predictions of quantum mechanics cannot be resolved with a completely classical view of the world. In particular, the statistics of space-like separated measurements on entangled quantum systems violate a Bell inequality. We put forward a computational perspective on a broad class of Bell tests that study correlators, or the statistics of joint measurement outcomes. We associate particular maps, or functions to particular theories. The violation of a Bell inequality then implies the ability to perform some functions, or computations that classical, or more generally, local hidden variable …
Aladin2 is an experiment devoted to the first measurement of variations of Casimir energy in a rigid cavity. The main scientific motivation relies on the possibility of the first demonstration of a phase transition influenced by vacuum fluctuations. The guiding principle of the measurement, based on the behaviour of the critical field for an in-cavity superconducting film, will be only briefly recalled. In this paper, after an introduction to the long term motivations, the experimental apparatus and the results of the first measurement of sensitivity will be presented in detail, particularly i…
The quantum eraser variant of the double-slit experiment, and its 'delayed choice' sub-variant, are considered from the perspective of weak value and weak measurement theory (which is briefly reintroduced here). The interference fringes that appear when measuring certain spin states, which can then be 'erased' when measuring other spin states, are shown to be anomalous weak values that depend on particular post-selection choices. By framing the choice of spin measurement as a weak value of a certain weak measurement, it is then made clear what physical claims can and cannot be made about what …
The purpose of the present note is twofold. Firstly, we highlight the similarities between the ontologies of Kastner's possibilist transactional interpretation (PTI) of quantum mechanics - an extension of Cramer's transactional interpretation - and the authors' hidden-measurement interpretation (HMI). Secondly, we observe that although a weighted symmetry breaking (WSB) process was proposed in the PTI, to explain the actualization of incipient transactions, no specific mechanism was actually provided to explain why the weights of such symmetry breaking are precisely those given by the Born rul…
General framework of quantum complementarity from a measurement-based perspective
本文从测量视角建立以信息排斥关系表述量子互补性的一般框架，涵盖波粒二象性关系，并揭示其在纠缠目击及熵不确定性关系中的应用。
A Pseudo-Unitary Version of Schwinger's Symbolism of Atomic Measurements and a Prospect for a New Relativistic Quantum Information Theory
本文提出一种伪单位元的施温格尔原子测量符号版本，探讨在相对论框架下构建量子信息理论的可能性，并重新审视非局域性特征。
Quantum entanglement is an indispensable resource for many significant quantum information processing tasks. However, because of the noise in quantum channels, it is difficult to distribute quantum entanglement over a long distance in practice. A solution for this challenge is the quantum repeater which can extend the distance of entanglement distribution. In this scheme, the time consumption of classical communication and local operations takes an important place in perspective of time efficiency. Motivated by this observation, we exploit the basic quantum repeater scheme in perspectives of n…
In this paper a system-oriented formalism of Quantum Information Processing is presented. Its form resembles that of standard signal processing, although further complexity is added in order to describe pure quantum-mechanical effects and operations. Examples of the application of the formalism to quantum time evolution and quantum measurement are given.
The alternative pilot-wave theory of quantum phenomena -- associated especially with Louis de Broglie, David Bohm, and John Bell -- reproduces the statistical predictions of ordinary quantum mechanics, but without recourse to special \emph{ad hoc} axioms pertaining to measurement. That (and how) it does so is relatively straightforward to understand in the case of position measurements and, more generally, measurements whose outcome is ultimately registered by the position of a pointer. Despite a widespread belief to the contrary among physicists, the theory can also account successfully for p…
Measurement-Based Uncomputation from an Error Correction Perspective
从量子纠错视角提出测量驱动逆计算（MBU）代数框架，通过零综合征后选择省去逆计算预言机，并利用原始预言机进行相位校正，实现校正成本、工作空间与重复次数的权衡。
Relational Quantum Mechanics with Cross-Perspective Links Postulate: an Internally Inconsistent Scheme
本文研究了RQM引入跨视角链接公设后，相对事实转变为隐变量并导致公理间冲突，证明该修正方案是内部不一致的隐变量理论，不能作为量子力学的解释。
Incoherent control of two-photon induced optical measurements in open quantum systems: quantum heat engine perspective
本文提出用非相干控制协议优化开放量子系统中的双光子光学测量，并将其建模为量子热机，证明其最大功可超越经典泵浦方案，为量子光双光子过程的测量控制提供新途径。
Quantum limit cycles and synchronization from a measurement perspective
本文研究了连续异频测量下量子极限环与同步现象，通过量子轨迹揭示量子极限环特性，分析量子van der Pol振子和两能级系统，探讨量子同步与经典极限环在噪声下的相似性。
Entanglement, Coherence, and Recursive Linking in Dicke states : A Topological Perspective
本文从拓扑角度研究对称迪克态的多体纠缠结构，通过将量子比特视为拓扑环，揭示迪克态的递归测量动态与n霍普夫链接稳定性之间的对应关系，利用Schmidt秩和l1-范数量化纠缠鲁棒性和链接流动性。
It is shown that many dissipative phenomena of "old" quantum mechanics which appeared 100 years ago in the form of the statistics of quantum thermal noise and quantum spontaneous jumps, have never been explained by the "new" conservative quantum mechanics discovered 75 years ago by Heisenberg and Schroedinger. This led to numerous quantum paradoxes which are reconsidered in this paper. The development of quantum measurement theory, initiated by von Neumann, indicated a possibility for resolution of this interpretational crisis by divorcing the algebra of the dynamical generators from the algeb…
We employ the theoretical framework of positive operator valued measures, to study Markovian open quantum systems. In particular, we discuss how a quantum system influences its environment. Using the theory of indirect measurements, we then draw conclusions about the information we could hypothetically obtain about the system by observing the environment. Although the environment is not actually observed, we can use these results to describe the change of the quantum system due to its interaction with the environment. We apply this technique to two different problems. In the first part, we stu…
We unify the resource-theoretic and the cohomological perspective on quantum contextuality. At the center of this unification stands the notion of the contextual fraction. For both symmetry and parity based contextuality proofs, we establish cohomological invariants which are witnesses of state-dependent contextuality. We provide two results invoking the contextual fraction, namely (i) refinements of logical contextuality inequalities, and (ii) upper bounds on the classical cost of Boolean function evaluation, given the contextual fraction of the corresponding measurement-based quantum computa…
It is well-known that Shor's factorization algorithm, Simon's period-finding algorithm, and Deutsch's original XOR algorithm can all be formulated as solutions to a hidden subgroup problem. Here the salient features of the information-processing in the three algorithms are presented from a different perspective, in terms of the way in which the algorithms exploit the non-Boolean quantum logic represented by the projective geometry of Hilbert space. From this quantum logical perspective, the XOR algorithm appears directly as a special case of Simon's algorithm, and all three algorithms can be s…
Recasting Schrödinger's Cat Thought Experiment as a Remote Measurement Problem
本文将薛定谔的猫实验重新诠释为远程测量问题，基于贝叶斯框架探讨分离代理在量子态下的信念更新过程。
Effect of Weak Measurement Reversal on Quantum Correlations in a Correlated Amplitude Damping Channel, with a Neural Network Perspective
本研究分析双量子比特态在关联振幅阻尼信道下的量子关联演化，对比单/双量子比特弱测量反转（WMR）的保护效果，发现双量子比特WMR更优，并借助三层80神经元的神经网络实现迹距离失谐的低误差预测，明确并发度与EPR操控的关键正向作用。
We give an elementary account of quantum measurement and related topics from the modern perspective of decoherence. The discussion should be comprehensible to students who have completed a basic course in quantum mechanics with exposure to concepts such as Hilbert space, density matrices, and von Neumann projection (``wavefunction collapse'').
The Extended Uncertainty Principle from a Projector-Valued Measurement Perspective
本文从投影值测量的操作性角度重构 EUP，用以仪器定义的位置约束证明一维严格动量下界，并推广至常曲率空间的二、三维球形约束。
We introduce and investigate a simple model of conditional quantum dynamics. It allows for a discussion of the information-theoretic aspects of quantum measurements, decoherence, and environment-induced superselection (einselection).
The measurement of a quantum system becomes itself a quantum-mechanical process once the apparatus is internalized. That shift of perspective may result in different physical predictions for a variety of reasons. We present a model describing both system and apparatus and consisting of a harmonic oscillator coupled to a field. The equation of motion is a quantum stochastic differential equation. By solving it we establish the conditions ensuring that the two perspectives are compatible, in that the apparatus indeed measures the observable it is ideally supposed to.
Chaos, Entanglement and Measurement: Field-Theoretic Perspectives on Quantum Information Dynamics
本文通过场论方法研究量子信息在多体系统中的动态行为，探讨测量如何影响信息扩散与混乱过程。
Bell suggested that a new perspective on quantum mechanics was needed. We propose a solution of the measurement problem based on a reconsideration of the nature of particles. The solution is presented with an idealized model involving non-locality or non-separability, identified in 1927 by Einstein and implicit in the standard interpretation of single slit (or hole) diffraction. Considering particles as being localizable entities leads to an `induced collapse model', a parameter-free alternative to spontaneous collapse models, that affords a new perspective on, \emph{inter alia}, nuclear decay…
The paper studies a class of quantum stochastic differential equations, modeling an interaction of a system with its environment in the quantum noise approximation. The space representing quantum noise is the symmetric Fock space over L^2(R_+). Using the isomorphism of this space with the space of square-integrable functionals of the Poisson process, the equations can be represented as classical stochastic differential equations, driven by Poisson processes. This leads to a discontinuous dynamical state reduction which we compare to the Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber model. A purely quantum object, the…
Perspectives in and on Quantum Theory
本文从实用主义视角探讨量子理论，认为量子理论提供事件预测的可靠建议，而非描述物理世界。通过相对化测量结果和量子态，解决测量问题和非局域性难题，强调实际测量结果在单一评估背景下为客观事实。
Is the universe computable? If yes, is it computationally a polynomial place? In standard quantum mechanics, which permits infinite parallelism and the infinitely precise specification of states, a negative answer to both questions is not ruled out. On the other hand, empirical evidence suggests that NP-complete problems are intractable in the physical world. Likewise, computational problems known to be algorithmically uncomputable do not seem to be computable by any physical means. We suggest that this close correspondence between the efficiency and power of abstract algorithms on the one han…
Quantum Perspectivism vs Nietzschean Perspectivism
本文提出 Quantum Perspectivism，以 Hilbert 格、Boolean 子代数和元视角结构融合量子力学与尼采哲学，解释视角、观察和实在的关系。
Quantum metrology holds the promise of an early practical application of quantum technologies, in which measurements of physical quantities can be made with much greater precision than what is achievable with classical technologies. In this review, we collect some of the key theoretical results in quantum parameter estimation by presenting the theory for the quantum estimation of a single parameter, multiple parameters, and optical estimation using Gaussian states. We give an overview of results in areas of current research interest, such as Bayesian quantum estimation, noisy quantum metrology…
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