Michael A. Nielsen
What makes quantum information science a science? This paper explores the idea that quantum information science may offer a powerful approach to the study of complex quantum systems.
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An overview is given of the nature of the quantum mechanical wave function.
What makes quantum information science a science? These notes explore the idea that quantum information science may offer a powerful approach to the study of complex quantum systems. We discuss how to quantify complexity in quantum systems, and argue that there are two qualitatively different types of complex quantum system. We also explore ways of understanding complex quantum dynamics by quantifying the strength of a quantum dynamical operation as a physical resource. This is the text for a talk at the ``Sixth International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing'', he…
Short history of quantum information science. The chief message is that the field is no longer emerging. It has arrived.
Semidefinite Programming in Quantum Information Science
本书系统介绍半定规划理论及其在量子信息科学中的广泛应用，涵盖量子态估计、纠缠检测等核心问题，为研究生提供统一且易学的数值方法教材。
Field-orthogonal temporal modes of photonic quantum states provide a new framework for quantum information science (QIS). They intrinsically span a high-dimensional Hilbert space and lend themselves to integration into existing single-mode fiber communication networks. We show that the three main requirements to construct a valid framework for QIS -- the controlled generation of resource states, the targeted and highly efficient manipulation of temporal modes and their efficient detection -- can be fulfilled with current technology. We suggest implementations of diverse QIS applications based …
A program package for MATLAB is introduced that helps calculations in quantum information science and quantum optics. It has commands for the following operations: (i) Reordering the qudits of a quantum register, computing the reduced state of a quantum register. (ii) Defining important quantum states easily. (iii) Formatted input and output for quantum states and operators. (iv) Constructing operators acting on given qudits of a quantum register and constructing spin chain Hamiltonians. (v) Partial transposition, matrix realignment and other operations related to the detection of quantum enta…
This article comprises a review of both the quasi-probability representations of infinite-dimensional quantum theory (including the Wigner function) and the more recently defined quasi-probability representations of finite-dimensional quantum theory. We focus on both the characteristics and applications of these representations with an emphasis toward quantum information theory. We discuss the recently proposed unification of the set of possible quasi-probability representations via frame theory and then discuss the practical relevance of negativity in such representations as a criteria for qu…
Interpretations of quantum theory have traditionally assumed a "Galilean" observer, a bare "point of view" implemented physically by a quantum system. This paper investigates the consequences of replacing such an informationally-impoverished observer with an observer that satisfies the requirements of classical automata theory, i.e. an observer that encodes sufficient prior information to identify the system being observed and recognize its acceptable states. It shows that with reasonable assumptions about the physical dynamics of information channels, the observations recorded by such an obse…
This review serves as a concise introductory survey of modern compressive tomography developed since 2019. These are schemes meant for characterizing arbitrary low-rank quantum objects, be it an unknown state, a process or detector, using minimal measuring resources (hence compressive) without any \emph{a priori} assumptions (rank, sparsity, eigenbasis, \emph{etc}.) about the quantum object. This article contains a reasonable amount of technical details for the quantum-information community to start applying the methods discussed here. To facilitate the understanding of formulation logic and p…
This article highlights synergies between quantum information science (QIS) and operations research for QIS-curious operations researchers (and vice-versa).
NSF-UKRI Bilateral Workshop: Quantum Information Science in Chemistry
本文总结了由NSF与UKRI下属EPSRC共同资助、于2024年2月在美国举行的美英化学量子信息科学双边研讨会的背景、讨论成果及参会代表团情况。
Visibility Stokes parameters as a foundation for quantum information science with undetected photons
本研究针对未探测光子相关技术缺乏一致量子算符重构的问题，提出可见度斯托克斯参数量化其偏振，应用于量子态层析并分析环境作用，为量子信息协议适配未探测光子提供基础。
In this note is touched upon an application of quantum information science (QIS) in nanotechnology area. The laws of quantum mechanics may be very important for nano-scale objects. A problem with simulating of quantum systems is well known and quantum computer was initially suggested by R. Feynman just as the way to overcome such difficulties. Mathematical methods developed in QIS also may be applied for description of nano-devices. Few illustrative examples are mentioned and they may be related with so-called fourth generation of nanotechnology products.
This thesis explores the use of entangled states in quantum computation and quantum information science. Entanglement, a quantum phenomenon with no classical counterpart, has been identified as an important and quantifiable resource in many areas of theoretical quantum information science, including quantum error correction, quantum cryptography, and quantum algorithms. We first investigate the equivalence classes of a particular class of entangled states (known as graph states due to their association with mathematical graphs) under local operations. We prove that for graph states correspondi…
In this article, we will discuss a possibility of a symbiosis for attophysics (AP) and quantum information (QI) and quantum technologies (QT). We will argue that within few years AP will reach Technology Readiness Level (RTL) 4-5 in QT, and will thus become a legitimate platform for QI and QT.
This Master thesis examines issues of interoperability and integration between the Classic Information Science (CIS) and Quantum Information Science (QIS). It provides a short introduction to the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and proceeds to describe the development steps that have lead to a prototype XML specification for quantum computing (QIS-XML). QIS-XML is a proposed framework, based on the widely used standard (XML) to describe, visualize, exchange and process quantum gates and quantum circuits. It also provides a potential approach to a generic programming language for quantum compu…
QISCIT: A validated concept inventory assessment for quantum information science
本文介绍了一种经11位专家验证、含31个条目的量子信息科学概念入门测试（QISCIT），用于无需大学数学即可评估QIS理解，并探讨了其在教学中的应用。
Quantum cybernetics and its connections to complex quantum systems science is addressed from the perspective of complex quantum computing systems. In this way, the notion of an autonomous quantum computing system is introduced in regards to quantum artificial intelligence, and applied to quantum artificial neural networks, considered as autonomous quantum computing systems, which leads to a quantum connectionist framework within quantum cybernetics for complex quantum computing systems. Several examples of quantum feedforward neural networks are addressed in regards to Boolean functions' compu…
Advancing Quantum Information Science Pre-College Education: The Case for Learning Sciences Collaboration
本文探讨了通过学习科学与量子信息科学合作，提升中学阶段量子信息科学教育的必要性与方法。
Quantum Models of Consciousness from a Quantum Information Science Perspective
本文从量子信息科学视角探讨三类意识量子模型（微管电子离域、神经网络电磁场、神经元间递质调控），重点分析Posner认知模型并计算其簇内磷酸分子纠缠保持，为量子理论理解脑功能提供见解。
We present two different strategies for developing a quantum information science platform, based on our experimental results with magnetic microtrap arrays on a magnetic-film atom chip. The first strategy aims for mesoscopic ensemble qubits in a lattice of ~5 μm period, so that qubits can be individually addressed and interactions can be mediated by Rydberg excitations. The second strategy aims for direct quantum simulators using sub-optical lattices of ~100 nm period. These would allow the realization of condensed matter inspired quantum many-body systems, such as Hubbard models in new parame…
Addressing workforce shortages within the Quantum Information Science and Engineering (QISE) community requires attracting and retaining students from diverse backgrounds early on in their undergraduate education. Here, we describe a course we developed called Hello Quantum World! that introduces a broad range of fundamental quantum information and computation concepts in a rigorous way but without requiring any knowledge of mathematics beyond high-school algebra nor any prior knowledge of quantum mechanics. Some of the topics covered include superposition, entanglement, quantum gates, telepor…
We present a simple, accessible, yet rigorous outreach/educational program focused on quantum information science and technology for high-school and early undergraduate students. This program allows students to perform meaningful hands-on calculations with quantum circuits and algorithms, without requiring knowledge of advanced mathematics. A combination of pen-and-paper exercises and IBM Q simulations helps students understand the structure of quantum gates and circuits, as well as the principles of superposition, entanglement, and measurement in quantum mechanics.
The Design and Implementation of a Quantum Information Science Undergraduate Program
针对量子信息科学领域人才缺口问题，加拿大舍布鲁克大学设计并推出三年半制量子信息科学本科项目，培养量子软件开发人员，详细介绍课程设计过程、当地生态影响及经验教训，为其他机构提供参考。
USEQIP: Outcomes and experiences from 17 years of undergraduate summer schools in experimental quantum information science
USEQIP通过两年暑期课程和实习计划，培养量子信息科学人才，分享课程结构、影响及未来展望，展示校友职业发展成就。
While Quantum Information Science (QIS) is still in its infancy, the ability for quantum based hardware or computers to communicate and integrate with their classical counterparts will be a major requirement towards their success. Little attention however has been paid to this aspect of QIS. To manage and exchange information between systems, today's classic Information Technology (IT) commonly uses the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and its related tools. XML is composed of numerous specifications related to various fields of expertise. No such global specification however has been defined …
Quantum information science and engineering (QISE) which entails use of quantum mechanical states for information processing, communications, and sensing and the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology have dominated condensed matter physics and materials science research in the 21st century. Solid state devices for QISE have, to this point, predominantly been designed with bulk materials as their constituents. In this review, we consider how nanomaterials (i.e. materials with intrinsic quantum confinement) may offer inherent advantages over conventional materials for QISE. We identify the mate…
Some measurements in quantum mechanics disturb each other. This has puzzled physicists since the formulation of the theory, but only in recent decades has the incompatibility of measurements been analyzed in depth and detail, using the notion of joint measurability of generalized measurements. In this Colloquium joint measurability and incompatibility are reviewed from the perspective of quantum information science. The Colloquium starts by discussing the basic definitions and concepts. An overview on applications of incompatibility, such as in measurement uncertainty relations, the characteri…
Approach to Data Science with Multiscale Information Theory
本文提出将多尺度信息理论与统计力学相结合的数据科学框架，通过多尺度熵动力学方法推导非线性Schrödinger方程的一般形式，用于描述电子、等离激元、极化子和孤子等粒子及准粒子系统的量子力学行为。
Interdisciplinary introduction to quantum information science (QIS) courses are proliferating at universities across the US, but the experiences of instructors in these courses have remained largely unexplored in the discipline-based education research (DBER) communities. Here, we address this gap by reporting on the findings of a survey of instructors teaching introduction to QIS courses at institutions across the US, primarily at the undergraduate or hybrid undergraduate/graduate level, as well as follow-up focus interviews with six individual instructors. Key themes from this analysis inclu…
We describe the fabrication and construction of a setup for creating lattices of magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms on an atom chip. The lattice is defined by lithographic patterning of a permanent magnetic film. Patterned magnetic-film atom chips enable a large variety of trapping geometries over a wide range of length scales. We demonstrate an atom chip with a lattice constant of 10 $μ$m, suitable for experiments in quantum information science employing the interaction between atoms in highly-excited Rydberg energy levels. The active trapping region contains lattice regions with square …
We summarize current and future applications of quantum information science to theoretical high energy physics. Three main themes are identified and discussed; quantum simulation, quantum sensors and formal aspects of the connection between quantum information and gravity. Within these themes, there are important research questions and opportunities to address them in the years and decades ahead. Efforts in developing a diverse quantum workforce are also discussed. This work summarizes the subtopical area Quantum Information for High Energy Physics TF10 which forms part of the Theory Frontier …
In this work, we spotted the light on one of the really important concepts and turned it into a mathematical branch instead of separate equations studied individually in different specializations of science. The existence and uniqueness of solutions for complex differential equations have been proved with many mathematical generalized tools. Homotopy Perturbation Method has been used and implemented as a method for solving linear complex differential equations with which is the first time such a method used to solve an equation in the complex plane. An analytical method of solutions has been i…
Let $m,n\ge 2$ be positive integers, $M_m$ the set of $m\times m$ complex matrices and $M_n$ the set of $n\times n$ complex matrices. Regard $M_{mn}$ as the tensor space $M_m\otimes M_n$. Suppose $|\cdot|$ is the Ky Fan $k$-norm with $1 \le k \le mn$, or the Schatten $p$-norm with $1 \le p \le \infty$ ($p\ne 2$) on $M_{mn}$. It is shown that a linear map $ϕ: M_{mn} \rightarrow M_{mn}$ satisfying $$|A\otimes B| = |ϕ(A\otimes B)|$$ for all $A \in M_m$ and $B \in M_n$ if and only if there are unitary $U, V \in M_{mn}$ such that $ϕ$ has the form $A\otimes B \mapsto U(φ_1(A) \otimes φ_2(B))V$, wher…
As the title indicates, this chapter presents a brief, self-contained introduction to five fundamental problems in Quantum Information Science (QIS) that are especially well-suited to be formulated as Semi-definite Programs (SDP). We have in mind two audiences. The primary audience comprises of Operations Research (and Computer Science) graduate students who have familiarity with SDPs, but have found it daunting to become even minimally conversant with pre-requisites of QIS. The second audience consists of Physicists (and Electrical Engineers) already knowledgeable with modeling of QIS via SDP…
Quantum information science (QIS) is an emerging interdisciplinary field at the intersection of physics, computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics leveraging the laws of quantum mechanics to circumvent classical limitations on information processing. With QIS coursework proliferating across US institutions, including at the undergraduate level, we argue that it is imperative that ethics and social responsibility be incorporated into QIS education from the beginning. We discuss ethical issues of particular relevance to QIS education that educators may wish to incorporate into th…
This whitepaper is an outcome of the workshop Intersections between Nuclear Physics and Quantum Information held at Argonne National Laboratory on 28-30 March 2018 [www.phy.anl.gov/npqi2018/]. The workshop brought together 116 national and international experts in nuclear physics and quantum information science to explore opportunities for the two fields to collaborate on topics of interest to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, and more broadly to U.S. society and industry. The workshop consisted of 22 invited and 10 contributed talks, as well as …
Strong laser physics, non-classical light states and quantum information science
本文综述强激光物理与量子光学、量子信息科学的交叉进展，介绍强激光—物质相互作用的完全量子化描述及非经典光态、纠缠态产生方法，并展望非经典光工程及其在超快与量子信息领域的应用。
Spintronics and quantum information science are two promising candidates for innovating information processing technologies. The combination of these two fields enables us to build solid-state platforms for studying quantum phenomena and for realizing multi-functional quantum tasks. For a long time, however, the intersection of these two fields was limited. This situation has changed significantly over the last few years because of the remarkable progress in coding and processing information using magnons. On the other hand, significant advances in understanding the entanglement of quasi-parti…
Engineered Dissipation for Quantum Information Science
本综述阐述了量子器件中受控耗散的作用，介绍了耗散工程在量子测量、态制备等方面的应用，及其对实现实用化量子信息处理的意义。
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