arXiv quant-ph/02080812002-08quant-ph

体核磁共振系综中单粒子和双粒子干涉互补性的实验验证

Experimental demonstration of the interferometric complementarity of one- and two-particle interference in a bulk Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ensemble

Xinhua Peng, Xiwen Zhu, Maili Liu, Kelin Gao

备注：: 8 pages, 4 PS figures

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摘要：

我们分析了一般情况下单粒子和双粒子干涉的干涉互补性：$V_{i}^{2}+V_{12}^{2}\leq 1$ $(i=1$，$2)$，并进一步研究了单粒子干涉可见度$V_{i}$，双粒子干涉可见度$V_{12}$和单粒子路径预测$P_{i}$之间的关系.对于任意纯二粒子源，得到了一个等式$V_{i}^{2}+V_{12}^{2}+P_{i}^{2}=1$ $(i=1$，$2)$，这意味着互补关系达到上界的条件及其与单个粒子的路径信息和干涉可见度之间的另一种干涉互补的关系.同时，研究了复合系统的互补性与纠缠度$E$之间的关系.利用核磁共振技术，对系综平均自旋态的两粒子干涉互补性进行了实验验证，包括两种极端情况和一种中间情况.

英文摘要：

We analyze an interferometric complementarity between one- and two-particle interference in the general case: $V_{i}^{2}+V_{12}^{2}\leq 1$ $(i=1$, $2)$, and further examine the relation among one-particle interference visibility $V_{i}$, two-particle interference visibility $V_{12}$ and the predication $P_{i}$ of the path of a single particle. An equality $V_{i}^{2}+V_{12}^{2}+P_{i}^{2}=1$ $(i=1$, $2)$ is achieved for any pure two-particle source, which implies the condition of the complementarity relation to reach the upper bound and its relation to another interferometric complementarity between path information and interference visibility of a single particle. Meanwhile, the relationships of the complementarities and the entanglement $E$ of the composite system are also investigated. Using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, the two-particle interferometric complementarity was experimentally tested with the ensemble-averaged spin states, including two extreme cases and an intermediate case.

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