Quarticles和不可否认的同一性
Quarticles and the Identity of Indiscernibles
摘要：
不可否认的同一性原则（PII）指出，如果两个系统在性质上是相同的，那么它们在逻辑上是相同的。French and Redhead（1988）和Butterfield（1993）已经证明了玻色子和费米子违反PII的意义，但没有研究其他类型统计的粒子的问题：即，（p，q）粒子--或“四分之一”--的理论。本文表明，对于任何类型的不可区分quarticle的PII是违反，但可区分quarticle有状态，它是违反任何一对粒子，状态，它是违反只有一些对粒子和状态，它是违反没有对粒子。更新后的版本纠正了一个数学事实的次要陈述，并为原始版本中的一个猜想提供了一个简短的证明。
英文摘要：
The principle of the identity of indiscernibles (PII) states that if two systems are qualitatively identical then they are logically identical. French and Redhead (1988) and Butterfield (1993) have shown the sense in which bosons and fermions violate the PII, but did not investigate the issue for particles of other kinds of statistics: i.e., for the (p,q) particles -- or `quarticles' -- of Hartle, Stolt and Taylor (1970). This paper shows that for any type of indistinguishable quarticle the PII is violated but that for distinguishable quarticles there are states in which it is violated by any pair of particles, states in which it is violated only by some pairs of particles and states in which it is violated by no pairs of particles. The updated version corrects a minor statement of mathematical fact, and provides a short proof for a conjecture made in the original.
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