某些相对论性量子粒子的一致分辨
Consistent Resolution of Some Relativistic Quantum Paradoxes
摘要：
量子理论的相对论版本（一致或退相干）历史方法是在Hartle早期工作的基础上发展起来的，并用于讨论球形波包坍缩悖论、玻姆的爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森公式和哈代悖论的相对论形式。有人认为，波函数坍缩是不需要引入相对论性量子力学的概率，在任何情况下都不应该被认为是一个物理过程。随机时间依赖性的替代方法可以用来构建比崩溃模型更少误导的测量过程的物理图像。特别是，我们可以采用一种粗粒度但完全量子力学的描述，其中粒子沿着轨道运动，在洛伦兹变换下的行为与经典相对论物理学中的行为相同，并且探测器由沿着这种轨道到达它们的粒子触发。在类空分离区域之间纠缠的态也是合理的量子描述，并且可以用这里提出的形式一致地处理。这些悖论的出现是因为使用了一些推理模式，这些模式虽然对经典物理学是正确的，但与量子理论的数学结构不一致，并通过使用适当的量子分析来解决（或驯服）。特别是，没有必要援引神秘的远距离超光速影响，也没有任何证据，因此至少从这个来源来看，相对论和量子力学之间没有不相容之处。
英文摘要：
A relativistic version of the (consistent or decoherent) histories approach to quantum theory is developed on the basis of earlier work by Hartle, and used to discuss relativistic forms of the paradoxes of spherical wave packet collapse, Bohm's formulation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen, and Hardy's paradox. It is argued that wave function collapse is not needed for introducing probabilities into relativistic quantum mechanics, and in any case should never be thought of as a physical process. Alternative approaches to stochastic time dependence can be used to construct a physical picture of the measurement process that is less misleading than collapse models. In particular, one can employ a coarse-grained but fully quantum mechanical description in which particles move along trajectories, with behavior under Lorentz transformations the same as in classical relativistic physics, and detectors are triggered by particles reaching them along such trajectories. States entangled between spacelike separate regions are also legitimate quantum descriptions, and can be consistently handled by the formalism presented here. The paradoxes in question arise because of using modes of reasoning which, while correct for classical physics, are inconsistent with the mathematical structure of quantum theory, and are resolved (or tamed) by using a proper quantum analysis. In particular, there is no need to invoke, nor any evidence for, mysterious long-range superluminal influences, and thus no incompatibility, at least from this source, between relativity theory and quantum mechanics.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
