量子飞行时间测量：踢时钟与连续时钟
Quantum time-of-flight measurements: kick clock versus continuous clock
摘要：
对事件发生的持续时间或瞬间的测量经常通过将感兴趣的系统耦合到“时钟”来“操作性地”建模。根据这些模型中的几个，操作方法在低能量下受到限制，因为时钟的扰动不允许精确地再现为隔离的系统定义的对应的理想时间量。我们表明，对于可以设置为测量停留时间或到达时间的飞行时间测量模型，可以通过扩展时钟使用脉冲耦合而不是连续耦合正常工作的能量范围来克服这些限制。
英文摘要：
The measurement of time durations or instants of ocurrence of events has been frequently modelled ``operationally'' by coupling the system of interest to a ``clock''. According to several of these models the operational approach is limited at low energies because the perturbation of the clock does not allow to reproduce accurately the corresponding ideal time quantity, defined for the system in isolation. We show that, for a time-of-flight measurement model that can be set to measure dwell or arrival times, these limitations may be overcome by extending the range of energies where the clock works properly using pulsed couplings rather than continuous ones.
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