局域拉莫尔钟、偏态密度和Mesoscopic Physics
The Local Larmor Clock, Partial Densities of States, and Mesoscopic Physics
摘要：
局域拉莫尔钟用于推导局域态密度的层次结构。在这个层次的底部是局部态密度，如果入射和出射散射通道都被规定，则表示对局部态密度的贡献。在下一个更高的水平是注入性，它表示的贡献，本地的状态密度，如果只规定的入射通道，而不管最终的散射通道。注入性通过互易性与进入量子信道的点的发射率相关。所有分态密度之和或所有注入率之和或所有发射率之和等于局域态密度。部分态密度的使用说明了一些不同的电子输运问题在介观物理：传输从隧道尖端到介观导体，讨论非弹性或相位破坏散射与电压探针，和介观导体的交流电导。量子点接触从电容响应（正时间延迟）到电感响应（负时间延迟）的转变用于说明将时间尺度与线性响应分析相关联的困难。简要讨论了偏态密度矩阵的非对角元素。非对角元素允许调查载波波动远离平均载流子密度。最后讨论了偏态密度矩阵与Wigner-Smith延迟时间矩阵之间的关系。
英文摘要：
The local Larmor clock is used to derive a hierarchy of local densities of states. At the bottom of this hierarchy are the partial density of states for which represent the contribution to the local density of states if both the incident and outgoing scattering channel are prescribed. On the next higher level is the injectivity which represents the contribution to the local density of states if only the incident channel is prescribed regardless of the final scattering channel. The injectivity is related by reciprocity to the emissivity of a point into a quantum channel. The sum of all partial density of states or the sum of all injectivities or the sum of all emissivities is equal to the local density of states. The use of the partial density of states is illustrated for a number of different electron transport problems in mesoscopic physics: The transmission from a tunneling tip into a mesoscopic conductor, the discussion of inelastic or phase breaking scattering with a voltage probe, and the ac-conductance of mesoscopic conductors. The transition from a capacitive response (positive time-delay) to an inductive response (negative time-delay) for a quantum point contact is used to illustrate the difficulty in associating time-scales with a linear response analysis. A brief discussion of the off-diagonal elements of a partial density of states matrix is presented. The off-diagonal elements permit to investigate carrier fluctuations away from the average carrier density. The work concludes with a discussion of the relation between the partial density of states matrix and the Wigner-Smith delay time matrix.
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