Xiaoguang Wang
We study the thermal entanglement in the two-qubit anisotropic XXZ model and the Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinski-Moriya (DM) interactions. The DM interaction is another kind of anisotropic antisymmetric exchange interaction. The effects of these two kinds of anisotropies on the thermal entanglement are studied in detail for both the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic cases.
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The incipient quantum phase transitions of relevance to nonzero fluctuations and entanglement in Heisenberg clusters are studied in this paper by exploiting negativity as a measure in bipartite and frustrated spin-1 anisotropic Heisenberg clusters with bilinear-biquadratic exchange, single-ion anisotropy and magnetic field. Using the exact diagonalization technique, it is shown that quantum critical points signaled by qualitative changes in behavior of magnetization and particle number are ultimately related to microscopic entanglement and collective excitations. The plateaus and peaks in spin…
We study the thermal entanglement in a two-spin-qutrit system with anisotropy in the exchange coupling between two spins. We use the realignment criterion to distinguish the entangled states, and the negativity for measuring the entanglement in this system. We see that the anisotropy can provide an additional parameter for enhancing the entanglement.
Control of Multipartite Entanglement through Anisotropy against Thermal Noise
研究各向异性XXZ链在热浴中的开放系统动力学，通过调制度尔参数提升低温下多体纠缠的鲁棒性，揭示相互作用诱导的光谱控制对量子计算平台中多体纠缠稳定性的机制。
Most existing cosmological entanglement studies are focused on the isotropic Robertson-Walker (RW) spacetime. Here we go beyond this limitation and study the influence of anisotropy on entanglement generated by dynamical spacetime. Since the isotropic spacetime is viewed as a background medium and the anisotropy is incorporated as perturbation, we decompose entanglement entropy into isotropic and anisotropic contributions. The latter is shown to be non-negligible by analyzing two cosmological models with weak and conformal coupling. We also show the possibility of using entanglement to infer a…
In this paper the the effect of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and anisotropy on the Entanglement of Heisenberg chain has been studied. While the anisotropy suppress the entanglement due to favoring of the alignment of spins, the DM interaction restores the spoiled entanglement via creation of the quantum fluctuations. Thermodynamic limit of the model and emerging of non-analytic behavior of the entanglement have also been probed. The singularities of the entanglement correspond to the critical boundary separating different phases of the model. The singularity of the entanglement derivative…
Exact analytical diagonalization is used to study the bipartite entanglement of the antiferromagnetic mixed spin-(1/2,$S$) Heisenberg dimer (MSHD) with the help of negativity. Under the assumption of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy affecting higher spin-$S$ ($S\!>\!1/2$) entities only, the ground-state degeneracy $2S$ is partially lifted and the ground state is two-fold degenerate with the total magnetization per dimer $\pm(S\!-\!1/2)$. It is shown that the largest quantum entanglement is reached for the antiferromagnetic ground state of MSHD with arbitrary half-odd-integer spins $S$, regardles…
The thermal entanglement in Heisenberg $XYZ$ chain is investigated in the presence of external magnetic field $B$. In the two-qubit system, the critical magnetic field $B_c$ is increased because of introducing the interaction of the z-component of two neighboring spins $J_z$. This interaction not only improves the critical temperature $T_c,$ but also enhances the entanglement for particular fixed $B$. We also analyze the pairwise entanglement between nearest neighbors in three qubits. The pairwise entanglement, for a fixed $T$, can be strong by controlling $B$ and $J_z$. PACS: 03.65. Ud, 03.67…
Effect of Single-Ion Anisotropy on Stability of Quantum and Thermal Entanglement in a Mixed-Spin Heisenberg Trimer
该研究针对混合自旋-(1,1/2,1)海森堡三聚体，量化了单轴单离子各向异性对量子与热纠缠的影响，分析了两体及全局三体负性，揭示了其对基态相、纠缠程度的作用及热稳定性特征，为相关分子化合物纠缠研究提供参考。
We consider the entanglement in a two dimensional XY model in an external magnetic field h. The model consists of a set of 7 localized spin-1/2 particles in a two dimensional triangular lattice coupled through nearest neighbor exchange interaction J. We examine the effect of single and double impurities in the system as well as the degree of anisotropy on the nearest neighbor entanglement and ergodicity of the system. We have found that the entanglement of the system at the different degrees of anisotropy mimics that of the one dimensional spin systems at the extremely small and large values o…
We study the quantum phase transitions of spin-1 Heisenberg chains with an easy-axis anisotropy $Δ$ and a uniaxial single-ion anisotropy $D$ using a multipartite entanglement approach. The genuine tripartite entanglement between the spin blocks, measured by the tripartite qutrit hyperdeterminant, is calculated within the quantum renormalization group method. Using this approach, the phase boundaries between the topological Haldane, large-D and anti-ferromagnetic Néel phases are determined in the half $Δ-D$ plane with $Δ>0$. When the size of the spin blocks increases, the genuine tripartite ent…
We show that the angular spectrum of type-II SPDC contains a continuum of maximally entangled states. For the realization of a bright source of entangled two-photon states, a standard technique is to compensate for the transverse walk-off in the production crystal. We demonstrate that polarization entangled states can be effectively engineered by generalizing this approach. Our method allows to considerably enrich the set of generated entangled states with a controlled tailoring them.
We study quantum teleportation via a two-qubit Heisenberg XXZ chain under an inhomogeneous magnetic field. We first consider entanglement teleportation, and then focus on the teleportation fidelity under different conditions. The effects of anisotropy and the magnetic field, both uniform and inhomogeneous, are discussed. We also find that, though entanglement teleportation does require an entangled quantum channel, a nonzero critical value of minimum entanglement is not always necessary.
Thermal entanglement of a geometrically frustrated spin-1 Heisenberg diamond cluster is examined within the framework of the exact diagonalization method by computing the measure of entanglement negativity. The calculated exact analytical results are applied in order to obtain theoretical prediction of the robustness of bipartite thermal entanglement of the tetranuclear nickel complex [Ni4(CO3)2(aetpy)8](ClO4)4 (aetpy = 2-aminoethyl-pyridine) against rising temperature and magnetic field.
In this paper, we study the influence of anisotropy on the usefulness, of the entanglement in a two-qubit Heisenberg XY chain at thermal equilibrium in the presence of an external magnetic field, as resource for quantum teleportation via the standard teleportation protocol. We show that the nonzero thermal entanglement produced by adjusting the external magnetic field strength beyond some critical strength is a useful resource. We also considered entanglement teleportation via two two-qubit Heisenberg XY chains.
This paper has been withdrawn as it has been superseded by 0901.0404
It has been shown that, for the two-qubit Heisenberg XY model, anisotropy and magnetic field may together be used to produce entanglement for any finite temperature by adjusting the external magnetic field beyond some finite critical strength. This interesting result arises from an analysis employing the Wootters concurrence, a computable measure of entanglement for two-qubit states. Recently, Mintert {\em et al.} proposed generalizations of Wootters concurrence for multipartite states. These MKB concurrences possess a mathematical property that enables one to understand the origin of this cha…
We study the dynamics of entanglement in a two-qubit system interacting with a squeezed thermal bath via a dissipative system-reservoir interaction with the system and reservoir assumed to be in a separable initial state. The resulting entanglement is studied by making use of a recently introduced measure of mixed state entanglement via a probability density function which gives a statistical and geometrical characterization of entanglement by exploring the entanglement content in the various subspaces spanning the two-qubit Hilbert space. We also make an application of the two-qubit dissipati…
We investigate thermal entanglement between two non-nearest-neighbor sites in ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain and on fractal lattices by means of the decimation renormalization-group (RG) method. It is found that the entanglement decreases with increasing temperature and it disappears beyond a critical value T_{c}. Thermal entanglement at a certain temperature first increases with the increase of the anisotropy parameter Δ and then decreases sharply to zero when Δ is close to the isotropic point. We also show how the entanglement evolves as the size of the system L becomes large via the RG meth…
We consider a finite one-dimensional Heisenberg XYZ spin chain under the influence of dissipative Lindblad environment obeying the Born-Markovian constrain in presence of an external magnetic field. We apply both closed and open boundary conditions at zero and finite temperature. We present an exact numerical solution for the Lindblad master equation of the system in the Liouville space. we find that, in the free spin chain (in absence of any environment), the entanglement at all ranges evolve in time in a non-uniform oscillatory form that changes significantly depending on the initial state, …
We study the thermal entanglement and quantum teleportation using quantum dot as a resource. We first consider entanglement of the resource, and then focus on the effects of different parameters on the teleportation fidelity under different conditions. The critical temperature of disentanglement is obtained. Based on Bell measurements in two subspaces, we find the anisotropy measurements is optimal to the isotropy arising from the entangled eigenstates of the system in the anisotropy subspace. In addition, it is shown that the anisotropy transmission fidelity is very high and stable for quantu…
Entanglement detection in postquench nonequilibrium states: thermal Gibbs vs. generalized Gibbs ensemble
本文利用纠缠负性相关的纠缠见证，比较 $XY$ 链淬火后稳态在广义吉布斯系综与热化两种情形下的最近邻纠缠，揭示可积性破缺对纠缠行为的影响。
The decoherence of quantum correlation is investigated in the Heisenberg spin system with the asymmetric anisotropic interactions. The quantum entanglement and discord are used to quantify the quantumness of the correlations. By the analytical and numerical methods, we find that quantum discord decays asymptotically in time under the effects of the independent local Markovian reservoirs. This is markedly different from the sudden change of the entanglement. Before the disappearance of the entanglement, the dynamic behaviour of quantum discord is very similar to that of the entanglement. It is …
We study the fidelity susceptibility in an antiferromagnetic spin-1 XXZ chain numerically. By using the density-matrix renormalization group method, the effects of the alternating single-site anisotropy $D$ on fidelity susceptibility are investigated. Its relation with the quantum phase transition is analyzed. It is found that the quantum phase transition from the Haldane spin liquid to periodic Néel spin solid can be well characterized by the fidelity. Finite size scaling of fidelity susceptibility shows a power-law divergence at criticality, which indicates the quantum phase transition is of…
Entropic entanglement measures of a two-dimensional system of two Coulombically interacting particles confined in an anisotropic harmonic potential are discussed in dependence on the anisotropy and the interaction strength. The harmonic approximation appears exact in the strong interaction limit, allowing determination of the asymptotic expression for the linear entropy. Entanglement properties are dramatically influenced by the anisotropy of the confining potential in the strong-correlation regime.
We study the effect of space anisotropy in the entanglement generated by expanding universe on spin 0 and 1/2 fields. For massive scalar field we find revivals of entanglement entropy vs momentum after decreasing from the maximum at k = 0. In massive Dirac field the effect is a slight distortion of the non-monotonic profile giving rise to the maximum of entanglement entropy at k > 0. More interestingly, massless field of both type can only get entangled through anisotropy, with a maximum of entanglement entropy occurring at k > 0.
We revisist the issue of entanglement of thermal equilibrium states in composite quantum systems. The possible scenarios are exemplified in bipartite qubit/qubit and qubit/qutrit systems.
We study the change of entanglement under general linear transformation of modes in a bosonic system and determine the conditions under which entanglement can be generated under such transformation. As an example we consider the thermal entanglement between the vibrational modes of two coupled oscillators and determine the temperature above which quantum correlations are destroyed by thermal fluctuations.
We numerically investigate thermal entanglement of the spins (1/2,1) and (1/2,1/2) in the three-mixed (1/2,1,1/2) anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ spin system on a simple triangular cell under an inhomogeneous magnetic field. We show that the external magnetic field induces strong plateau formation in pairwise thermal entanglement for fixed parameters of Hamiltonian in the case of the ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic interactions. We also observe an unexpected critical point at finite temperature in the thermal entanglement of the spins (1/2,1) for antiferromagnetic case while the entanglement o…
We study pairwise thermal entanglement in three-qubit Heisenberg models and obtain analytic expressions for the concurrence. We find that thermal entanglement is absent from both the antiferromagnetic $XXZ$ model, and the ferromagnetic $XXZ$ model with anisotropy parameter $Δ\ge 1$. Conditions for the existence of thermal entanglement are discussed in detail, as is the role of degeneracy and the effects of magnetic fields on thermal entanglement and the quantum phase transition. Specifically, we find that the magnetic field can induce entanglement in the antiferromagnetic $XXX$ model, but cann…
Entanglement response to Temperature in Interacting Two-Qubit Thermal States
研究相互作用双量子比特热态中纠缠随温度变化的响应，推导热纠缠及其导数与热量子Fisher信息的关系，揭示热量子Fisher信息对纠缠响应和鲁棒性的基本约束。
The thermal entanglement of two spin-1 atoms with nonlinear couplings in optical lattices is investigated in this paper. It is found that the nonlinear couplings favor the thermal entanglement creating. The dependence of the thermal entanglement in this system on the linear coupling, the nonlinear coupling, the magnetic field and temperature is also presented. The results show that the nonlinear couplings really change the feature of the thermal entanglement in the system, increasing the nonlinear coupling constant increases the critical magnetic field and the threshold temperature.
Recently, entanglement teleportation has been investigated in Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4236 (2000). In this paper we study entanglement teleportation via two separate thermally entangled states of two-qubit Heisenberg XX chain. We established the condition under which the parameters of the model have to satisfy in order to teleport entanglement. The necessary minimum amount of thermal entanglement for some fixed strength of exchange coupling is a function of the magnetic field and temperature.
The upper and lower bounds of entanglement of formation are given for two mode squeezed thermal state. The bounds are compared with other entanglement measure or bounds. The entanglement distillation and the relative entropy of entanglement of infinitive squeezed state are obtained at the postulation of hashing inequality.
We show that the thermal entanglement in a spin system using only magnetic susceptibility measurements is restricted to the insulator materials. We develop a generalization of the thermal entanglement witness that allows us to get information about the system entanglement with variable local spin lengths that can be used experimentally in conductor or insulator materials. As an application, we study thermal entanglement for the half-filled Hubbard model for linear, square and cubic clusters. We note that it is the itinerancy of electrons that favors the entanglement. Our results suggest a weak…
I study the three parameters bipartite quantum Gaussian state called squeezed asymmetric thermal state, calculate Gaussian entanglement of formation analytically and the up bound of relative entropy of entanglement, compare them with coherent information of the state.Based on the result obtained, one can determine the relative entropy of entanglement of the state with infinitive squeezing.
The impact of hole $g$-factor anisotropy on spin-photon entanglement generation with InGaAs quantum dots
本文通过实验与建模揭示InGaAs量子点中重空穴g因子各向异性的起源，并证明可通过磁场角度和激发偏振调控空穴g因子，从而提升自旋-光子纠缠及簇态生成的性能。
The entanglement between two identical two-level atoms interacting with two mode thermal field through a nondegenerate two-photon process has been suggested. It has been shown that for some atomic initial state the entanglement induced by nondegenerate two-photon interaction is larger than that induced by one-photon and degenerate two-photon processes.
We investigate the thermal entanglement in two superconducting qubits for arbitrary interaction strength and ground state frequencies. We calculate the concurrence of the system to quantify the thermal entanglement. We suggest a scheme, where an external tunable coupler qubit sandwich between two superconducting qubits generates entanglement. The behavior of concurrence is analyzed for three different cases, in which we consider the effects of the temperature, the qubit-qubit effective coupling strength, and the qubit frequencies on the thermal entanglement. What deserves mentioning here is th…
We explore spin-orbit thermal entanglement in rare-earth ions, based on a witness obtained from mean energies. The entanglement temperature $T_{E}$, below which entanglement emerges, is found to be thousands of kelvin above room temperature for all light rare earths. This demonstrate the robustness to environmental fluctuations of entanglement between internal degrees of freedom of a single ion.
Exchange interactions in spin systems can give rise to quantum entanglement in the ground and thermal states of the systems. In this paper, we consider a spin tetramer, with spins of magnitude 1/2, in which the spins interact via nearest-neighbour, diagonal and four-spin interactions of strength J1, J2 and K respectively. The ground and thermal state entanglement properties of the tetramer are calculated analytically in the various limiting cases. Signatures of quantum phase transition (QPT) in terms of appropriate entanglement measures are obtained. The magnetic properties of a S = 1/2 AFM po…
We investigate the entanglement properties of thermal states of the harmonic lattice in one, two and three dimensions. We establish the value of the critical temperature for entanglement between neighbouring sites and give physical reasons. Further sites are shown to be entangled only due to boundary effects. Other forms of entanglement are addressed in the second part of the paper by using the energy as witness of entanglement. We close with a comprehensive diagram showing the different phases of entanglement versus complete separability and propose techniques to swap and tune entanglement ex…
We consider an infinite one dimensional anisotropic XY spin chain with a nearest neighbor time-dependent Heisenberg coupling J(t) between the spins in presence of a time-dependent magnetic field h(t). We discuss a general solution for the system and present an exact solution for particular choice of J and h of practical interest. We investigate the dynamics of entanglement for different degrees of anisotropy of the system and at both zero and finite temperatures. We find that the time evolution of entanglement in the system show non-ergodic and critical behavior at zero and finite temperatures…
We study the effect of inhomogeneities in the magnetic field on the thermal entanglement of a two spin system. We show that in the ferromagnetic case a very small inhomogeneity is capable to produce large values of thermal entanglement. This shows that the absence of entanglement in the ferromagnetic Heisenberg system is highly unstable against inhomogeneoity of magnetic fields which is inevitably present in any solid state realization of qubits.
We examine the thermal pairwise entanglement in a symmetric system of $n$ spins fully connected through anisotropic $XYZ$-type couplings embedded in a transverse magnetic field. We consider both the exact evaluation together with that obtained with the static path + random phase approximation (RPA) and the ensuing mean field + RPA. The latter is shown to provide an accurate analytic description of both the parallel and antiparallel thermal concurrence in large systems. We also analyze the limit temperature for pairwise entanglement, which is shown to increase for large fields and to decrease l…
We study the robustness of multipartite entanglement of the ground state of the one-dimensional spin 1/2 XY model with a transverse magnetic field in the presence of thermal excitations, by investigating a threshold temperature, below which the thermal state is guaranteed to be entangled. We obtain the threshold temperature based on the geometric measure of entanglement of the ground state. The threshold temperature reflects three characteristic lines in the phase diagram of the correlation function. Our approach reveals a region where multipartite entanglement at zero temperature is high but …
We investigate whether entanglement can survive the thermalization of subsystems. We present two equivalent formulations of this problem: (1) Can two isolated agents, accessing only pre-shared randomness, locally thermalize arbitrary input states while maintaining some entanglement? (2) Can thermalization with local heat baths, which may be classically correlated but do not exchange information, locally thermalize arbitrary input states while maintaining some entanglement? We answer these questions in the positive at every nonzero temperature and provide bounds on the amount of preserved entan…
We study the entanglement distillability properties of thermal states of many-body systems. Following the ideas presented in [D.Cavalcanti et al., arxiv:0705.3762], we first discuss the appearance of bound entanglement in those systems satisfying an entanglement area law. Then, we extend these results to other topologies, not necessarily satisfying an entanglement area law. We also study whether bound entanglement survives in the macroscopic limit of an infinite number of particles.
The present work reports an experimental observation of thermal entanglement in a clusterized spin chain formed in the compound Na$_2$Cu$_5$Si$_4$O$_{14}$. The presence of entanglement was investigated through two measured quantities, an Entanglement Witness and the Entanglement of Formation, both derived from the magnetic susceptibility. It was found that pairwise entanglement exists below $ \sim 200$ K. Tripartite entanglement was also observed below $ \sim 240$ K. A theoretical study of entanglement evolution as a function of applied field and temperature is also presented.
We study the system that two atoms simultaneously interact with a single-mode thermal field via different couplings and different spontaneous emission rates when two-photon process is involved. It is found that we indeed can employ the different couplings to produce the atom-atom thermal entanglement in two-photon process. The different atomic spontaneous emission rates are also utilizable in generating thermal entanglement. We also investigate the effect of the cavity leakage. To the initial atomic state $|ee> ,$a slight leakage can relieve the restriction of interaction time and we can obtai…
Entanglement charge is an operational measure to quantify nonlocalities in ensembles consisting of bipartite quantum states. Here we generalize this nonlocality measure to single bipartite quantum states. As an example, we analyze the entanglement charges of some thermal states of two-qubit systems and show how they depend on the temperature and the system parameters in an analytical way.
A spin star system consisting of three peripheral two-state systems and a central one is considered, with the peripheral spins assumed to interact with each other, as well as with the central one. It is shown that such two couplings, each one being a thermal entanglement source, can significantly compete in the formation of quantum correlations in the thermal state, to the point that they can destroy any thermal entanglement of the peripheral spins.
We address the presence of bound entanglement in strongly-interacting spin systems at thermal equilibrium. In particular, we consider thermal graph states composed of an arbitrary number of particles. We show that for a certain range of temperatures no entanglement can be extracted by means of local operations and classical communication, even though the system is still entangled. This is found by harnessing the independence of the entanglement in some bipartitions of such states with the system's size. Specific examples for one- and two-dimensional systems are given. Our results thus prove th…
A formula to evaluate the entanglement in an one-dimensional ferrimagnetic system is derived. Based on the formula, we find that the thermal entanglement in a small size spin-1/2 and spin-s ferrimagnetic chain is rather robust against temperature, and the threshold temperature may be arbitrarily high when s is sufficiently large. This intriguing result answers unambiguously a fundamental question: ``can entanglement and quantum behavior in physical systems survive at arbitrary high temperatures?"
Can entanglement and the quantum behavior in physical systems survive at arbitrary high temperatures? In this Letter we show that this is the case for a electromagnetic field mode in an optical cavity with a movable mirror in a thermal state. We also identify two different dynamical regimes of generation of entanglement separated by a critical coupling strength.
We explore the fidelity susceptibility and the quantum coherence along with the entanglement entropy in the ground-state of one-dimensional spin-1 XXZ chains with the rhombic single-ion anisotropy. By using the techniques of density matrix renormalization group, effects of the rhombic single-ion anisotropy on a few information theoretical measures are investigated, such as the fidelity susceptibility, the quantum coherence and the entanglement entropy. Their relations with the quantum phase transitions are also analyzed. The phase transitions from the Y-Néel phase to the Large-$E_x$ or the Hal…
he thermal entanglement is generated by weakly interacting atoms with an isotropic spin-1 chain. The decoherence of the entanglement is mainly investigated. The effective Hamiltonian is analytically obtained by the approximation method of perturbation. The scaling behavior of the effective coupling is numerically illustrated by the exact diagonalization. It is found out that the decay of the entanglement is slow in the case of non interacting spins. The long-distance thermal entangled states can be used as the noisy channel for the achievement of the quantum teleportation.
We study optimal dense coding with thermal entangled states of a two-qubit anisotropic \emph{XXZ} model and a Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinski-Moriya (DM) interactions. The DM interaction is another kind of anisotropic antisymmetric exchange interaction. The effects of these two kinds of anisotropies on dense coding are studied in detail for both the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic cases. For the two models, we give the conditions that the parameters of the models have to satisfy for a valid dense coding. We also found that even though there is entanglement, it is unavailable for our op…
Thermal Entanglement in Disordered Spin Chains: Localization, Thresholds, and the Quantum-to-Classical Crossover
本研究通过解析和数值分析，揭示了无序XXZ自旋链中热纠缠受温度和局域化影响，在不同阈值下消失，并随间距指数衰减，为量子到经典转变提供了新见解。
We study the local thermal entanglement in a spin-1/2 Ising-$XXZ$ diamond structure with two impurities. In this spin chain, we have the two impurities with an isolated $XXZ$ dimer between them. We focus on the study of the thermal entanglement in this dimer. The main goal of this paper is to provide a good understanding of the effect of impurities in the entanglement of the model. This model is exactly solved by a rigorous treatment based on the transfer-matrix method. Our results show that the entanglement can be tuned by varying the impurities parameters in this system. In addition, it is s…
The thermal entanglement in a two-qubit Heisenberg \emph{XXZ} spin chain is investigated under an inhomogeneous magnetic field \emph{b}. We show that the ground-state entanglement is independent of the interaction of \emph{z}-component $J_{z}$. The thermal entanglement at the fixed temperature can be enhanced when $J_{z}$ increases. We strictly show that for any temperature \emph{T} and $J_{z}$ the entanglement is symmetric with respect to zero inhomogeneous magnetic field, and the critical inhomogeneous magnetic field $b_{c}$ is independent of $J_{z}$. The critical magnetic field $B_{c}$ incr…
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