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arXiv quant-ph/0008096quant-ph
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Mach-Zehnder干涉仪中不确定性和互补性的量子光学讨论

Quantum Optical Discussion of Uncertainty and Complementarity in a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

D. Ludwin, Y. Ben-Aryeh, A. Mann

摘要:

我们讨论了互补性和不确定性的一个gedanken Which-Way(Welcher-Weg)实验中的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪。虽然Welcher-Weg测量可以在探测器本身的动量变化可以忽略不计的情况下进行,但干涉图样的变化必须对应于粒子动量分布的变化。Mach-Zehnder干涉仪和Welcher-Weg测量之间的纠缠引入了正交性,使粒子的干涉失效,但同时,它也在粒子和整个纠缠系统的其他部分(包括宏观部分)之间产生了动量转移。这一分析可能与延迟选择解释有关。我们展示了动量变化发生的地方,我们得出结论,纠缠是理解互补性(即哪条路与干扰)和位置-动量不确定性关系是如何交织在一起的关键。

英文摘要:

We discuss complementarity and uncertainty in a gedanken Which-Way (Welcher-Weg) experiment in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Although a Welcher-Weg measurement can be performed with only a negligible amount of momentum change in the detector itself, the change in the interference pattern must correspond to a change in the momentum distribution of the particle. Entanglement between the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the Welcher-Weg measurement introduces orthogonality that disables the interference of the particle, but simultaneously, it also generates a momentum transfer between the particle and other parts of the whole entangled system (including macroscopic parts). This analysis can be related to the Delayed Choice interpretation. We show where the momentum change takes place and we conclude that entanglement is the key to understand how complementarity (i.e. Which Way versus interference) and the position-momentum uncertainty relation are interwoven.

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