Welcher Weg实验与正统的玻尔互补原理
Welcher Weg Experiments and the Orthodox Bohr's Complementarity Principle
摘要：
玻尔的互补性原理（英语：Bohr's Complementarity Principle）指出，量子（由玻色子或费米子组成的量子系统）可以表现为粒子或波，但永远不会同时表现为粒子和波。对这一原理的一种不太正统的解释是体现在因恩格勒特而产生的数学不等式中的“对偶条件”[B-G Englert，Phys. Rev. Lett.，Vol.77，2154（1996）]，其允许波和粒子属性共存，但假定粒子性质的较强表现导致波性质的较弱表现，反之亦然。在这封信中，我们表明，最近在干涉仪和类似装置中进行的一些{ \it welcher weg}（“哪条路径”）实验，声称已经验证了互补原理，或使其无效，实际上并没有阐明正统的解释。他们可能反而验证了较弱的对偶条件，但即使这样也不是完全明显的。我们对这些实验提出了一些简单的修改，我们相信这些修改可以检验正统的互补性原理，并揭示波函数坍缩和量子擦除的本质。
英文摘要：
In its most orthodox form, Bohr's Complementarity Principle states that a quanton (a quantum system consisting of a Boson or Fermion) can either behave as a particle or as wave, but never simultaneosuly as both. A less orthodox interpretation of this Principle is the ``duality condition'' embodied in a mathematical inequality due to Englert [B-G Englert, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 77, 2154 (1996)] which allows wave and particle attributes to co-exist, but postulates that a stronger manifestation of the particle nature leads to a weaker manifestation of the wave nature and vice versa. In this Letter, we show that some recent {\it welcher weg} ("which path") experiments in interferometers and similar set-ups, that claim to have validated, or invalidated, the Complementarity Principle, actually shed no light on the orthodox interpretation. They may have instead validated the weaker duality condition, but even that is not completely obvious. We propose simple modifications to these experiments which we believe can test the orthodox Complementarity Principle and also shed light on the nature of wavefunction collapse and quantum erasure.
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