发现的相对性：希尔伯特关于物理学基础的第一个注释
The Relativity of Discovery: Hilbert's First Note on the Foundations of Physics
摘要：
希尔伯特关于“物理学基础（第一次通信）”的论文，现在主要是因为它平行发表了基本上相同的广义相对论的引力场方程，爱因斯坦在五天后，即1915年11月25日发表了一篇关于“引力场方程”的笔记。此外，希尔伯特和爱因斯坦在1915年11月这一关键月份的密切通信，使历史学家面临着一个平行研究的案例，以及重建当时希尔伯特和爱因斯坦之间相互作用的相关问题。以前对这些问题的评估最近受到了Leo Corry，Jürgen Renn和John Stachel的挑战，他们提请注意迄今为止未被注意的希尔伯特注释的第一组证明。这些证据承担印刷厂的邮票12月6日和显示实质性的差异，以公布的版本。通过关注这些发现对于重建爱因斯坦通向广义相对论的道路的影响，关于希尔伯特在这一事件中的作用的一些问题仍然是开放的。希尔伯特对爱因斯坦的反应有多大？希尔伯特在他的笔记中所关注的研究是什么？在1915年秋天，这些研究是如何与爱因斯坦的研究在某种程度上重叠的？希尔伯特和爱因斯坦当时是如何看待对方以及他们同时进行的活动的？希尔伯特希望达到什么目的？他究竟达到了什么目的？带着这些问题，我在本文中讨论了希尔伯特关于“物理学基础”的第一个注释，它的史前史和特征，而且，为了启发性的目的，我主要是从希尔伯特的角度来讨论的。
英文摘要：
Hilbert's paper on ``The Foundations of Physics (First Communication),'' is now primarily known for its parallel publication of essentially the same gravitational field equations of general relativity which Einstein published in a note on ``The Field Equations of Gravitation,'' five days later, on November 25, 1915. An intense correspondence between Hilbert and Einstein in the crucial month of November 1915, furthermore, confronts the historian with a case of parallel research and with the associated problem of reconstructing the interaction between Hilbert and Einstein at that time. Previous assessments of these issues have recently been challenged by Leo Corry, Jürgen Renn, and John Stachel who draw attention to a hitherto unnoticed first set of proofs for Hilbert's note. These proofs bear a printer's stamp of December 6 and display substantial differences to the published version. By focussing on the consequences of these findings for the reconstruction of Einstein's path towards general relativity, a number of questions about Hilbert's role in the episode, however, are left open. To what extent did Hilbert react to Einstein? What were Hilbert's research concerns in his note, and how did they come to overlap with Einstein's to some extent in the fall of 1915? How did Hilbert and Einstein regard each other and their concurrent activities at the time? What did Hilbert hope to achieve, and what, after all, did he achieve? With these questions in mind I discuss in this paper Hilbert's first note on the ``Foundations of Physics,'' its prehistory and characteristic features, and, for heuristic purposes, I do so largely from Hilbert's perspective.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
