M. N. Achasov, A. D. Bukin, D. A. Bukin, V. P. Druzhinin, V. B. Golubev, V. N. Ivanchenko, S. V. Koshuba, S. I. Serednyakov
The general purpose spherical nonmagnetic detector (SND) is now taking data at VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider in BINP (Novosibirsk) in the centre of mass energy range of $0.2 ÷1.4$ GeV. The energy calibration of the NaI(Tl) calorimeter of the SND detector with cosmic muons is described. Using this method, the energy resolution of $5.5 % (σ)$ for 500 MeV photons was achieved.
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Calibration of the three layer NaI(Tl) spherical calorimeter of the SND detector using electron -- positron scattering events is described. Energy resolution of $5 % (FWHM/2.36)$ for 500 MeV photons was achieved.
The technique of discrimination of the $e^+e^-\to e^+e^-$ and $e^+e^-\to π^+π^-$ events in energy range $0.5 < \sqrt{s} < 1$ GeV by energy deposition in the calorimeter of SND detector was developed by applying machine learning method. Identification efficiency for $e^+e^-\to e^+e^-$ and $e^+e^-\to π^+π^-$ events in the range from 99.3 to 99.8 % has been achived.
This paper presents the design, implementation and validation of the software alignment procedure used to perform geometric calibration of the electromagnetic calorimeter with respect to the tracking system of the SND detector which is taking data at the VEPP-2000 e^{+}e^{-}collider (BINP, Novosibirsk). This procedure is based on the mathematical model describing the relative calorimeter position. The parameter values are determined by minimizing a χ^{2} function using the difference between particle directions reconstructed in these two subdetectors for e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow e^{+}e^{-} scatte…
Electromagnetic calorimeter time measurement applications in the SND physics analysis
本文介绍了VEPP-2000对撞机上SND探测器的径迹电磁量能器（EMC）的信号处理方法，以及其时间测量结果在事件重建和物理分析中的应用。
The SND is a non-magnetic detector deployed at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider (BINP, Novosibirsk) for hadronic cross-section measurements in the center of mass energy region below 2 GeV. The important part of the detector is a three-layer hodoscopic electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) based on NaI(Tl) counters. Until the recent EMC spectrometric channel upgrade, only the energy deposition measurement in counters was possible. A new EMC signal shaping and digitizing electronics based on FADC allows us to obtain also the event time structure. The new electronics and supporting software, including…
Studies of Hadronic Showers in SND@LHC
SND@LHC实验通过靶区和量能器观测LHC中微子碰撞产生的强子簇射，利用2023年CERN 100-300 GeV强子束测试数据，开发了簇射标记、起点定位和总能量测量方法。
SND@LHC: The Scattering and Neutrino Detector at the LHC
本文介绍SND@LHC实验，其通过位于TI18隧道的钨靶—核乳胶—电子径迹混合探测器，在LHC极前向区域区分三种中微子味并搜寻弱相互作用粒子散射。
The R&D project COSINUS (Cryogenic Observatory for SIgnatures seen in Next-generation Underground Searches) aims to develop a cryogenic scintillating calorimeter using NaI as target crystal for direct darkmatter search. Dark matter particles interacting with the detector material generate both a phonon signal and scintillation light. While the phonon signal provides a precise determination of the deposited energy, the simultaneously measured scintillation light allows for a particle identification on an event-by-event basis, a powerful tool to study material-dependent interactions, and to supp…
At present the results in the field of direct dark matter search are in tension: the positive claim of DAMA/LIBRA versus null results from other experiments. However, the comparison of the results of different experiments involves model dependencies, in particular because of the different target materials in use. The COSINUS R&D project aims to operate NaI as a cryogenic calorimeter. Such a detector would not only allow for a direct comparison to DAMA/LIBRA, but would also provide a low(er) nuclear recoil threshold and particle discrimination.
Over almost three decades the TAUP conference has seen a remarkable momentum gain in direct dark matter search. An important accelerator were first indications for a modulating signal rate in the DAMA/NaI experiment reported in 1997. Today the presence of an annual modulation, which matches in period and phase the expectation for dark matter, is supported at > 9$σ$ confidence. The underlying nature of dark matter, however, is still considered an open and fundamental question of particle physics. No other direct dark matter search could confirm the DAMA claim up to now; moreover, numerous null-…
Recently there is a flourishing and notable interest in the crystalline scintillator material sodium iodide (NaI) as target for direct dark matter searches. This is mainly driven by the long-reigning contradicting situation in the dark matter sector: the positive evidence for the detection of a dark matter modulation signal claimed by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration is (under so-called standard assumptions) inconsistent with the null-results reported by most of the other direct dark matter experiments. We present the results of a first prototype detector using a new experimental approach in compa…
Low-temperature calorimeters based on a readout via Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) and operated below $100$ mK are well suited for rare event searches with outstanding resolution and low thresholds. We present first experimental results from two detector prototypes using a novel design of the thermometer coupling denoted remoTES, which further extends the applicability of the TES technology by including a wider class of potential absorber materials. In particular, this design facilitates the use of materials whose physical and chemical properties, as e.g. hygroscopicity, low hardness and low m…
The Spherical Neutral Detector (SND) operates at VEPP-2M collider in Novosibirsk studying e^+e^- annihilation in the energy range up to 1.4 GeV. Detector consists of a fine granulated spherical scintillation calorimeter with 1632 NaI(Tl) crystals, two cylindrical drift chambers with 10 layers of sense wires, and a muon system made of streamer tubes and plastic scintillation counters. The detector design, performance, data acquisition and processing are described.
The baseline energy-resolution performance for the current generation of large-mass, low-temperature calorimeters (utilizing TES and NTD sensor technologies) is $>2$ orders of magnitude worse than theoretical predictions. A detailed study of several calorimetric detectors suggests that a mismatch between the sensor and signal bandwidths is the primary reason for suppressed sensitivity. With this understanding, we propose a detector design in which a thin-film Au pad is directly deposited onto a massive absorber that is then thermally linked to a separately fabricated TES chip via an Au wirebon…
We propose to build and operate a detector that, for the first time, will measure the process $pp\toνX$ at the LHC and search for feebly interacting particles (FIPs) in an unexplored domain. The TI18 tunnel has been identified as a suitable site to perform these measurements due to very low machine-induced background. The detector will be off-axis with respect to the ATLAS interaction point (IP1) and, given the pseudo-rapidity range accessible, the corresponding neutrinos will mostly come from charm decays: the proposed experiment will thus make the first test of the heavy flavour production i…
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