统计物理的历史与展望
History and outlook of statistical physics
摘要：
本文从D.从18世纪伯努利气体动力学理论到本世纪最后几十年非平衡态动力学理论的新发展。概述了伟大物理学家克劳修斯、麦克斯韦和玻尔兹曼的最重要贡献。它示出了如何在玻尔兹曼的热力学第二定律的统计解释的可逆性和递归悖论解决。概述了经典和量子统计力学的方法。最后，从N.N. Bogolyubov在1946年提出的扩散方程，以及最近在利用计算机模拟和分析方法理解稠密流体中的扩散过程方面所取得的进展。
英文摘要：
This paper gives a short review of the history of statistical physics starting from D. Bernoulli's kinetic theory of gases in the 18th century until the recent new developments in nonequilibrium kinetic theory in the last decades of this century. The most important contributions of the great physicists Clausius, Maxwell and Boltzmann are sketched. It is shown how the reversibility and the recurrence paradox are resolved within Boltzmann's statistical interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics. An approach to classical and quantum statistical mechanics is outlined. Finally the progress in nonequilibrium kinetic theory in the second half of this century is sketched starting from the work of N.N. Bogolyubov in 1946 up to the progress made recently in understanding the diffusion processes in dense fluids using computer simulations and analytical methods.
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