Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin截止点以上的物理学机会：普朗克尺度下的洛伦兹对称性破坏
Physics Opportunities Above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Cutoff: Lorentz Symmetry Violation at the Planck Scale
摘要：
狭义相对论已经在低能量下得到了非常精确的检验，但是这些结果不能外推到非常高能量的现象：这个新的物理学领域实际上可能为尚未解决的以太和绝对静止框架问题提供了答案。引入临界距离尺度a，低于10 E-25 cm（观测到的最高能量宇宙射线的波长尺度）允许考虑与狭义相对论的标准测试兼容的模型，其中洛伦兹对称性的小破坏（a可以是普朗克长度）导致变形的相对论运动学（DRK），对非常高能量宇宙射线的性质产生戏剧性的影响。例如，GZK截止不再适用，并且在低能量下不稳定的粒子（中子，一些强子共振，如Delta++，可能是几个核.）在很高的能量下变得稳定。在这些模型中，存在一个绝对的局部静止系（真空静止系，VRF），而狭义相对论是一个低动量极限。我们讨论了洛伦兹对称破坏（LSV）对运动学和动力学的可能影响，以及宇宙射线的能量范围（远低于与基本长度相关的能量尺度）和实验（在地球上和空间），它们可以被检测到。
英文摘要：
Special relativity has been tested at low energy with great accuracy, but these results cannot be extrapolated to very high-energy phenomena: this new domain of physics may actually provide the key to the, yet unsettled, question of the ether and the absolute rest frame. Introducing a critical distance scale, a, below 10E-25 cm (the wavelength scale of the highest-energy observed cosmic rays) allows to consider models, compatible with standard tests of special relativity, where a small violation of Lorentz symmetry (a can, for instance, be the Planck length) leads to a deformed relativistic kinematics (DRK) producing dramatic effects on the properties of very high-energy cosmic rays. For instance, the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff does no longer apply and particles which are unstable at low energy (neutron, some hadronic resonances like the Delta++, possibly several nuclei...) become stable at very high energy. In these models, an absolute local rest frame exists (the vacuum rest frame, VRF) and special relativity is a low-momentum limit. We discuss the possible effects of Lorentz symmetry violation (LSV) on kinematics and dynamics, as well as the cosmic-ray energy range (well below the energy scale associated to the fundamental length) and experiments (on earth and from space) where they could be detected.
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