Lorentz对称性破坏导致的Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin截止的缺失和极高能不稳定粒子的稳定性
Absence of Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Cutoff and Stability of Unstable Particles at Very High Energy, as a Consequence of Lorentz Symmetry Violation
摘要：
狭义相对论已经在低能下得到了非常准确的测试，但它对极高能现象的外推还不太确定。引入临界距离尺度a，低于10 E-25 cm（观测到的最高能量宇宙射线的波长尺度），可以考虑与狭义相对论的标准测试兼容的模型，其中洛伦兹对称性的微小破坏（a可以是普朗克长度）对高能宇宙射线的性质产生显着影响。不仅对极高能量的质子和原子核的格瑞森-扎采平-库兹明（GZK）截止不再适用，而且在低能时不稳定的粒子（中子，几个原子核，一些强子共振，如Delta++.）会在很高的能量下变得稳定。如果与轻带电轻子（电子、μ子）相关联的两个中微子中有一个具有质量，μ子也会在非常高的能量下变得稳定或非常长寿。类似的考虑也适用于τ轻子。我们讨论了产生这些现象的几种可能的情况，以及宇宙射线的能量范围（远低于与基本长度相关的能量尺度）和可以检测到它们的实验。预测了最高能量宇宙射线的可观测效应。
英文摘要：
Special relativity has been tested at low energy with great accuracy, but its extrapolation to very high-energy phenomena is much less well established. Introducing a critical distance scale, a , below 10E-25 cm (the wavelength scale of the highest-energy observed cosmic rays) allows to consider models, compatible with standard tests of special relativity, where a small violation of Lorentz symmetry (a can, for instance, be the Planck length) produces dramatic effects on the properties of high-energy cosmic rays. Not only the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff on very high-energy protons and nuclei does no longer apply, but particles which are unstable at low energy (neutron, several nuclei, some hadronic resonances like the Delta++...) would become stable at very high energy. The muon would also become stable or very long lived at very high energy if one of the two neutrinos associated to the light charged leptons (electron, muon) has a mass. Similar considerations apply to the tau lepton. We discuss several possible scenarios originating these phenomena, as well as the cosmic ray energy range (well below the energy scale associated to the fundamental length) and experiments where they could be detected. Observable effects are predicted for the highest-energy cosmic rays.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
