电磁脉冲通过带势垒波导的传播：经典电动力学的时域解
Propagation of an electromagnetic pulse through a waveguide with a barrier: A time domain solution within classical electrodynamics
摘要：
电磁截断高斯脉冲通过具有分段不同介电常数的波导传输。波导包含阻挡层，即与相邻区域相比具有较低介电常数的区域。这种设置在势垒区域产生了一个纯粹的虚波矢量（“电磁隧道效应”）。我们精确地计算了一个稍微简化的色散关系的含时格林函数。为了观察普通隧道效应，我们忽略了在获得传输脉冲时由波导引起的失真。脉冲的波前以真空光速传播。然而，在屏障后面，传输脉冲的最大值在比没有屏障的情况下更早的时间出现。这种效应将用穿过势垒的能量流来解释。所获得的解再现了Enders和Nimtz [J. Phys.（France）I2，1693（1992）; Phys.Rev.E48，632（1993）; Phys.Rev.B47，9605（1993）; J. Phys.（France）I3，1089（1993）; 4，565（1994）]的隧道实验中测量的脉冲形状。
英文摘要：
An electromagnetic truncated Gaussian pulse propagates through a waveguide with piecewise different dielectric constants. The waveguide contains a barrier, namely a region of a lower dielectric constant compared to the neighboring regions. This set-up yields a purely imaginary wave vector in the region of the barrier ('electromagnetic tunneling'). We exactly calculate the time-dependent Green's function for a slightly simplified dispersion relation. In order to observe the plain tunneling effect we neglect the distortions caused by the wave guide in obtaining the transmitted pulse. The wave front of the pulse travels with the vacuum speed of light. Nevertheless, behind the barrier, the maximum of the transmitted pulse turns up at an earlier time than in the case without an barrier. This effect will be explained in terms of the energy flow across the barrier. The solutions obtained reproduce the shape of the pulses measured in the tunneling experiments of Enders and Nimtz [J. Phys. (France) I2, 1693 (1992); Phys. Rev. E48, 632 (1993); Phys. Rev. B47, 9605 (1993); J. Phys. (France) I3, 1089 (1993); 4, 565 (1994)].
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