城市街道网络拓扑模式的普遍性与特殊性
A Topological Pattern of Urban Street Networks: Universality and Peculiarity
摘要：
在本文中，我们使用40个美国城市和其他不同规模的城市的大样本（据我们所知，迄今为止最大的样本）推导出城市街道网络的拓扑模式。研究发现，所有基于街-街交叉口的城市街道网络拓扑结构都具有小世界结构，且街道长度和连通度都具有无标度特性。更具体地说，对于任何街道网络，大约80%的街道的长度或度数小于其平均值，而20%的街道的长度或度数大于平均值。在这20%的街道中，能够构成街道网络主干的街道不足1%。基于这一发现，我们推测20%的街道占据了80%的交通流量，1%的街道构成了城市街道网络的认知地图。我们进一步说明了无标度性质的一个特点。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we derive a topological pattern of urban street networks using a large sample (the largest so far to the best of our knowledge) of 40 U.S. cities and a few more from elsewhere of different sizes. It is found that all the topologies of urban street networks based on street-street intersection demonstrate a small world structure, and a scale-free property for both street length and connectivity degree. More specifically, for any street network, about 80% of its streets have length or degrees less than its average value, while 20% of streets have length or degrees greater than the average. Out of the 20%, there are less than 1% of streets which can form a backbone of the street network. Based on the finding, we conjecture that the 20% streets account for 80% of traffic flow, and the 1% streets constitute a cognitive map of the urban street network. We illustrate further a peculiarity about the scale-free property.
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