单端口网络分析仪测量中的总差分误差及其在天线阻抗测量中的应用
Total Differential Errors in One-Port Network Analyzer Measurements with Application to Antenna Impedance
摘要：
目的是研究全单端口矢量网络分析仪（VNA）测量天线输入阻抗的不确定性。考虑了VNA在负载反射系数p、负载测量值m和三个误差Es（由三个标准负载及其测量值确定）中的过程方程。选择微分来表示测量不准确性和负载不确定性（微分误差）。微分算子应用于过程方程，任何未知负载（被测器件DUT）的总微分误差dp用dEs和dm表示，没有任何简化。因此，输入阻抗Z -或任何其他可微分地依赖于p-的物理量的微分误差是可表达的。为了精确表达复微分误差之间的比较关系，定义了几何微分误差域及其微分误差区间。实际结果是一个室内UHF接地平面天线与一个常见的50欧姆直流电阻内的铝盒。在不同的系统配置和测量考虑因素下，针对频率对这两种构建的未屏蔽和屏蔽DUT进行了测试。Es和dEs的中间结果表征测量系统本身。大量的计算和实例说明了该方法的应用。
英文摘要：
The objective was to study uncertainty in antenna input impedance resulting from full one-port Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) measurements. The VNA process equation in the reflection coefficient p of a load, its measurement m and three errors Es -determinable from three standard loads and their measurements- was considered. Differentials were selected to represent measurement inaccuracies and load uncertainties (Differential Errors). The differential operator was applied on the process equation and the total differential error dp for any unknown load (Device Under Test DUT) was expressed in terms of dEs and dm, without any simplification. Consequently, the differential error of input impedance Z -or any other physical quantity differentiably dependent on p- is expressible. Furthermore, to express precisely a comparison relation between complex differential errors, the geometric Differential Error Region and its Differential Error Intervals were defined. Practical results are presented for an indoor UHF ground-plane antenna in contrast with a common 50 Ohm DC resistor inside an aluminum box. These two built, unshielded and shielded, DUTs were tested against frequency under different system configurations and measurement considerations. Intermediate results for Es and dEs characterize the measurement system itself. A number of calculations and illustrations demonstrate the application of the method.
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