切尔诺贝利事故后克罗地亚马铃薯中放射性铯活度浓度及剂量评估
Radiocaesium Activity Concentrations in Potatoes in Croatia after the Chernobyl Accident and Dose Assessment
摘要：
系统调查的137 Cs和134 Cs的活性浓度在马铃薯（马铃薯）后切尔诺贝利时期（1986-2005年）在克罗地亚共和国的总结。沉降物和马铃薯中的137 Cs放射性浓度之间的相关性非常好，相关系数r2=0.88，18个自由度的P（t）< 0.001。随着马铃薯中放射性铯含量呈指数下降，通过将测量的放射性浓度拟合到指数曲线来估计137 Cs在马铃薯中的平均停留时间。发现平均停留时间为6.8 +/- 1.1年，标准偏差通过蒙特卡罗模拟估计。最初观察到的134 Cs：137 Cs在马铃薯中的放射性活度比变化很大，但略低于理论预测值0.5，通过将切尔诺贝利反应堆中这些放射性核素的已知库存应用于微分放射性衰变方程计算得出。这可以用切尔诺贝利事故前土壤中的137 Cs来解释，这些Cs来自核沉降物。据估计，克罗地亚成年人因食用马铃薯而摄入的134 Cs和137 Cs的年有效剂量非常小，因为整个1986 - 2005年期间的人均剂量计算为约2.9 mSv，134 Cs约占整个剂量的1/3。因此，在切尔诺贝利事故之后，食用土豆并不是克罗地亚人从环境中摄入放射性铯的关键途径。
英文摘要：
Systematic investigations of 137Cs and 134Cs activity concentrations in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) for the post-Chernobyl period (1986-2005) in the Republic of Croatia are summarized. The correlation between 137Cs activity concentrations in fallout and potatoes, has been found to be very good, the correlation coefficient being r2=0.88 with P(t) < 0.001 for 18 degrees of freedom. As the radiocaesium levels in potatoes decreased exponentially, the mean residence time of 137Cs in potatoes was estimated by fitting the measured activity concentrations to the exponential curve. The mean residence time was found to be 6.8 +/- 1.1 years, the standard deviation being estimated by the Monte Carlo simulations. The initial observed 134Cs:137Cs activity ratio in potatoes has been found to be quite variable, but slightly lesser than theoretically predicted value of 0.5, calculated by applying the known inventory of these radionuclides in the Chernobyl reactor to the equation for the differential radioactive decay. This can be explained by presence of the pre-Chernobyl 137Cs in soil that originated from nuclear fallout. The annual effective doses received by 134Cs and 137Cs intake due to consumption of potatoes estimated for an adult member of Croatian population were found to be very small, as the per caput dose for the entire 1986 - 2005 period was calculated to be about 2.9 mSv, 134Cs accounting approximately for 1/3 of the entire dose. Therefore, after the Chernobyl accident consumption of potatoes was not the critical pathway for human intake of radiocaesium from the environment in Croatia.
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