用相位共轭干涉仪测量单程光速和狭义相对论一阶实验
Test of the one-way speed of light and the first-order experiment of Special Relativity using phase-conjugate interferometers
摘要：
在迈克耳孙干涉仪中，利用相位共轭镜（PCM）反转光路中的均匀相移，可以进行一级狭义相对论实验。PCM的使用改变了干涉实验的基本概念。在光路末端的PCM前面放置一个传统的部分反射镜，我们可以测试在直线上均匀运动的系统中单向光速的各向同性，并进行单向Sagnac实验。根据已报道的采用分段光路的相位共轭Sagnac实验，我们可以预期在光程L和速度v的单向Sagnac实验中，即使旋转半径越来越大，相移也是phi = 4pivL/clambda。在此基础上，结合广义Sagnac效应的实验事实，考察在直线匀速运动系统中，利用PCM进行单向光速实验和一阶实验时是否存在相同的相移是非常重要的。这些实验的灵敏度非常高。
英文摘要：
With a Michelson interferometer using a phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) that reverses the uniform phase shift in a light path, we can conduct a first-order experiment of Special Relativity. Utilization of the PCM changes the basic concepts of an interference experiment. Placing a conventional partially reflecting mirror just in front of the PCM at the end of a light path, we can test the isotropy of the one-way speed of light in a system moving uniformly in a straight line and conduct the one-way Sagnac experiment. According to the reported phase-conjugate Sagnac experiment using a segment light path, we can expect that the phase shift is phi = 4pivL/clambda in the one-way Sagnac experiment with path length L and speed v, even with an increasingly larger radius of the rotation. Based on these and the experimental fact of the generalized Sagnac effect, it is very important to examine whether there is the same phase shift for the test of the one-way speed of light and the first-order experiment using the PCM in a system in straight-line uniform motion. The sensitivities of these experiments are very high.
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