光干涉测量中相位噪声和振幅噪声的相对论耦合
Relativistic coupling of phase and amplitude noise in optical interferometry
摘要：
干涉仪中光学元件的外来运动会导致多余的噪声。通常，有效路径长度的波动导致相位噪声，而波束指向导致明显的振幅噪声。对于沿光轴移动的透射光学器件，两种效应都不应存在。然而，运动的相对性表明，即使在这种情况下，小的$v/c$阶修正（$v$是光学元件的速度）也会引起光的相位和振幅噪声。在这里，我们计算这种噪声耦合的相对论机制的效果，并讨论当这样的效果将限制光干涉仪的灵敏度。
英文摘要：
Extraneous motion of optical elements in an interferometer lead to excess noise. Typically, fluctuations in the effective path length lead to phase noise, while beam-pointing leads to apparent amplitude noise. For a transmissive optic moving along the optical axis, neither effect should exist. However, relativity of motion suggests that even in this case, small corrections of order $v/c$ ($v$ the velocity of the optic), give rise to phase and amplitude noise on the light. Here we calculate the effect of this relativistic mechanism of noise coupling, and discuss when such an effect would limit the sensitivity of optical interferometers.
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