水-气界面对低频声的反常透明性
Anomalous transparency of water-air interface for low-frequency sound
摘要：
由于水-空气界面的质量密度差很大，因此声在水-空气界面的传播通常很弱。在这里，我们表明，界面的透明度在低频率下显着增加。与直觉相反，几乎所有由水下足够浅的声源发射的声能都被预测辐射到大气中。从物理上讲，在较低频率下透明度的增加是由于不均匀波的作用越来越大，以及水下直接波和表面反射波的相消干涉。异常透明现象对水-气界面上的声通信、环境噪声的产生和水下爆炸的探测具有重要意义。
英文摘要：
Sound transmission through water-air interface is normally weak because of a strong mass density contrast. Here we show that the transparency of the interface increases dramatically at low frequencies. Rather counterintuitively, almost all acoustic energy emitted by a sufficiently shallow monopole source under water is predicted to be radiated into atmosphere. Physically, increased transparency at lower frequencies is due to the increasing role of inhomogeneous waves and a destructive interference of direct and surface-reflected waves under water. The phenomenon of anomalous transparency has significant implications for acoustic communication across the water-air interface, generation of ambient noise, and detection of underwater explosions.
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