The ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) together with the pixel and the transition radiation detectors will form the tracking system of the ATLAS experiment at LHC. It will consist of 20000 single-sided silicon microstrip sensors assembled back-to-back into modules mounted on four concentric barrels and two end-cap detectors formed by nine disks each. The SCT module production and testing has finished while the macro-assembly is well under way. After an overview of the layout and the operating environment of the SCT, a description of the readout electronics design and operation requirements will be given. The quality control procedure and the DAQ software for assuring the electrical functionality of hybrids and modules will be discussed. The focus will be on the electrical performance results obtained during the assembly and testing of the end-cap SCT modules.
Using thin scintillating fibers with Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) readout a mo dular high-resolution charged-particle tracking detector has been designed. The fiber modules consist of 2 x 5 layers of 128 round multiclad scintillating fiber s of 0.250mm diameter. The fibers are read out by four SiPM arrays (8mm x 1mm) e ach on either end of the module.
Behavioral-Level Simulation of Digital Readout for COFFEE at LHCb Upstream Pixel Tracker
Nanjing University（南京大学）；Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Shandong University（山东大学）；High Energy Physics Research Center of Henan Academy of Sciences（河南省科学院高能物理研究中心）
The LHCb Outer Tracker is a straw drift detector with a modular design and a total of 53760 readout channels distributed over a sensitive area of 12 double layers of 6x5 m2 each. The main electronics readout requirement is the precise (0.5 ns) drift time measurement at an occupancy of 4% and 1 MHz readout. A total of 128 channels are read out by one Front-End box. About half of the FE-Boxes have been built. Quality Assurance during the production has been performed on single FE-Box components. The assembled FE-Box is finally commissioned using a special FE-Tester. The FE-Tester is a programmab…
The performance of 16 and 64 channel photomultipliers coupled to scintillating fibres has been tested. The devices are sensitive to single photoelectrons, show little gain losses for magnetic fields up to 100 Gauss and have moderate optical cross-talk. The maximum channel to channel gain variations reach a factor two for the 16 channel version and a factor of four for the 64 channel PM. The measurements and simulations indicate that the photomultipliers are well suited for the light detection in fibre trackers.
The potential application of advanced digital communication schemes in a future upgrade of the CMS Tracker readout optical links is currently being investigated at CERN. We show experimentally that multi-Gbit/s data rates are possible over the current 40 MSamples/s analog optical links by employing techniques similar to those used in ADSL. The concept involves using one or more digitally-modulated sinusoidal carriers in order to make efficient use of the available bandwidth.
The SemiConductor Tracker (SCT) together with the Pixel detector and the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) form the central tracking system of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. It consists of single-sided microstrip silicon sensors, which are read out via binary ASICs based on the DMILL technology, and the data are transmitted via radiation-hard optical fibres. After an overview of the SCT detector layout and readout system, the final-stage assembly of large-scale structures and the integration with the TRT is presented. The focus is on the electrical performance of the overall SCT detector sy…
A scintillating fibre tracker is proposed to measure elastic proton scattering at very small angles in the ATLAS experiment at CERN. The tracker will be located in so-called Roman Pot units at a distance of 240 m on each side of the ATLAS interaction point. An initial validation of the design choices was achieved in a beam test at DESY in a relatively low energy electron beam and using slow off-the-shelf electronics. Here we report on the results from a second beam test experiment carried out at CERN, where new detector prototypes were tested in a high energy hadron beam, using the first versi…
The Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) is a silicon strip detector and one of the key precision tracking devices in the Inner Detector of the ATLAS experiment at CERN LHC. The completed SCT has been installed inside the ATLAS experimental cavern since 2007 and has been operational since then. Calibration data has been taken regularly and analyzed to determine the performance of the system. In this paper the current status of the SCT is reviewed, including results from data-taking periods in 2010 and 2011. We report on the operation of the detector including overviews on services, connectivity and obs…
The recent R&D focus on CMOS sensors with charge collection in a depleted zone has opened new perspectives for CMOS sensors as fast and radiation hard pixel devices. These sensors, labelled as depleted CMOS sensors (DMAPS), have already shown promising performance as feasible candidates for the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) upgrade, possibly replacing the current passive sensors. A further step to exploit the potential of DMAPS is to investigate the suitability of equipping the outer layers of the ATLAS ITk upgrade with fully monolithic CMOS sensors. This paper presents the development of a deplet…
Plans to upgrade the LHC after approximately 10 years of operation are currently being considered at CERN. A tenfold increase in luminosity delivered to the experiments is envisaged in the so-called Super LHC (SLHC). This will undoubtedly give rise to significantly larger data volumes from the detectors, requiring faster data readout. The possibility of upgrading the CMS Tracker analog readout optical links using a bandwidth efficient digital modulation scheme for deployment in the SLHC has been extensively explored at CERN. Previous theoretical and experimental studies determined the achievab…
A novel modular high-resolution charged-particle tracking detector design using $250μm$ diameter, round, scintillating fibers and SiPM arrays for readout is presented. The fiber modules consist of 8 layers of 128 fibers, mechanically sta bilized by a carbon fiber / Rohacell foam structure. A prototype using scintillating fibers with a diameter of $300μm$ and two typ es of silicon photomultipliers has been tested in a $10GeV$ proton beam in late October 2006 at the T9 PS-beamline, CERN. We present the measured spatial resolu tion, efficiency and signal-over-noise for this setup. The advantage o…
The Silicon Tracker (STK) is a detector of the DAMPE satellite to measure the incidence direction of high energy cosmic ray. It consists of 6 X-Y double layers of silicon micro-strip detectors with 73,728 readout channels. It's a great challenge to readout the channels and process the huge volume of data in the critical space environment. 1152 Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and 384 ADCs are adopted to readout the detector channels. The 192 Tracker Front-end Hybrid (TFH) modules and 8 identical Tracker Readout Board (TRB) modules are designed to control and digitalize the front…
The readout systems for the ATLAS silicon trackers and liquid argon calorimeters utilize vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes to communicate between on and off detector readout components. A number of these VCSEL devices have failed well before their expected lifetime. We summarize the failure history and present what has been learned thus far about failure mechanisms and the dependence of the lifetime on environmental conditions.
We present the optical data links for the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter. The current status of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser failures, the up-to-date results in searching for the failure cause, experiences gained in the searching process, possible backup plans for the optical transmitters and the lessons learned are also discussed.
This work presents a new silicon vertical JFET (V-JFET) device, based on the trenched 3D-detector technology developed at IMB-CNM, to be used as switches for the High-Voltage powering scheme of the ATLAS upgrade Inner Tracker. The optimization of the device characteristics is performed by 2D and 3D TCAD simulations. Special attention has been paid to the on-resistance and the switch-off and breakdown voltages to meet the specific requirements of the system. In addition, a set of parameter values has been extracted from the simulated curves to implement a SPICE model of the proposed V-JFET tran…
The innermost part of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, CERN, will be a pixel detector. The command messages and the readout data of the detector are transmitted over an optical data path. The readout chain consists of many components which are produced at several locations around the world, and must work together in the pixel detector. To verify that these parts are working together as expected a system test has been built up. In this paper the system test setup and the operation of the readout chain is described. Also, some results of tests using the final pixel detector readout chain are giv…
The Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) is an experimental setup located at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII). The recently approved ten-year extension of data acquisition for BESIII prompted an upgrade program for both the BEPCII collider that houses the experiment and some of the sub-detectors that make up the spectrometer. The current inner drift chamber is suffering from aging and it has been proposed to replace it with a detector based on the Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier (CGEM) technology. The CGEM Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT) consists of three coaxial layers of triple GEM. The …
Depleted monolithic active pixel sensors (DMAPS), which exploit high voltage and/or high resistivity add-ons of modern CMOS technologies to achieve substantial depletion in the sensing volume, have proven to have high radiation tolerance towards the requirements of ATLAS in the high-luminosity LHC era. Depleted fully monolithic CMOS pixels with fast readout architectures are currently being developed as promising candidates for the outer pixel layers of the future ATLAS Inner Tracker, which will be installed during the phase II upgrade of ATLAS around year 2025. In this work, two DMAPS prototy…
We present a gigabit transceiver prototype Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), GBCR, for the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) Pixel detector readout upgrade. GBCR is designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology and consists of four upstream receiver channels, a downstream transmitter channel, and an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) slave. The upstream channels receive the data at 5.12 Gbps passing through 5-meter 34-American Wire Gauge (AWG) Twin-axial (Twinax) cables, equalize them, retime them with a recovered clock, and then drive an optical transmitter. The downstream channel receives the data a…
This work presents a depleted monolithic active pixel sensor (DMAPS) prototype manufactured in the LFoundry 150\,nm CMOS process. DMAPS exploit high voltage and/or high resistivity inclusion of modern CMOS technologies to achieve substantial depletion in the sensing volume. The described device, named LF-Monopix, was designed as a proof of concept of a fully monolithic sensor capable of operating in the environment of outer layers of the ATLAS Inner Tracker upgrade in 2025 for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This type of devices has a lower production cost and lower materia…
A novel charged particle tracking device, a high precision time projection chamber with gas electron multiplier and pad readout, is a leading candidate as the central tracker for an experiment at the International Linear Collider. To characterize the performance of such a system, a small TPC has been operated within a magnetic field, measuring cosmic-ray and laser tracks. Good tracking resolution and two particle separation, sufficient for a large scale ILC central tracker, are achieved.
ATLAS is making extensive efforts towards preparing a detector upgrade for the high luminosity operations of the LHC (HL-LHC), which will commence operation in about 10 years. The current ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced by an all-silicon tracker (comprising an inner Pixel tracker and outer Strip tracker). The software currently used for the new silicon tracker is broadly inherited from that used for the LHC Run-1 and Run-2, but many new developments have been made to better fulfill the future detector and operation requirements. One aspect in particular which will be highlighted is the s…
BDAQ53 is a readout system and verification framework for hybrid pixel detector readout chips of the RD53 family. These chips are designed for the upgrade of the inner tracking detectors of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. BDAQ53 is used in applications where versatility and rapid customization are required, such as in laboratory testing environments, test beam campaigns, and permanent setups for quality control measurements. It consists of custom and commercial hardware, a Python-based software framework, and FPGA firmware. BDAQ53 is developed as open source software with both software and firm…
This paper presents the design and simulation results of a gigabit transceiver Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) called GBCR for the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) Pixel detector readout upgrade. GBCR has four upstream receiver channels and a downstream transmitter channel. Each upstream channel operates at 5.12 Gbps, while the downstream channel operates at 2.56 Gbps. In each upstream channel, GBCR equalizes a signal received through a 5-meter 34-American Wire Gauge (AWG) twin-axial cable, retimes the data with a recovered clock, and drives an optical transmitter. In the downstream ch…
The Front End Driver, FED, is a 9U 400mm VME64x card designed for reading out the Compact Muon Solenoid, CMS, silicon tracker signals transmitted by the APV25 analogue pipeline Application Specific Integrated Circuits. The FED receives the signals via 96 optical fibers at a total input rate of 3.4 GB/sec. The signals are digitized and processed by applying algorithms for pedestal and common mode noise subtraction. Algorithms that search for clusters of hits are used to further reduce the input rate. Only the cluster data along with trigger information of the event are transmitted to the CMS da…
We present the characterization and quality control test of a gigabit cable receiver ASIC prototype, GBCR2, for the ATLAS Inner Tracker pixel detector upgrade. GBCR2 equalizes and retimes the uplink electrical signals from RD53B through a 6 m Twinax AWG34 cable to lpGBT. GBCR2 also pre-emphasizes downlink command signals through the same electrical connection from lpGBT to RD53B. GBCR2 has seven uplink channels each at 1.28 Gbps and two downlink channels each at 160 Mbps. The prototype is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. The characterization of GBCR2 has been demonstrated that the total jit…
The ATLAS Planar Pixel Sensor R&D Project is a collaboration of 17 institutes and more than 80 scientists. Their goal is to explore the operation of planar pixel sensors for the tracker upgrade at the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This work will give a summary of the achievements on radiation studies with n-in-n and n-in-p pixel sensors, bump-bonded to ATLAS FE-I3 and FE-I4 readout chips. The summary includes results from tests with radioactive sources and tracking efficiencies extracted from test beam measurements. Analysis results of ${2\cdot10^{16}} \text{n}_{\text{eq}}\te…
In next ten years, the Large Hadron Collider will be upgraded to the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), resulting in ten time more integrated luminosity. To withstand the much harsher radiation and occupancy conditions of the HL-LHC, the inner tracker of the ATLAS detector must be redesigned and rebuilt completely. The design of the ATLAS Upgrade inner tracker (ITk) has already been defined. It consists of several layers of silicon particle detectors. The innermost layers will be composed of silicon pixel sensors, and the outer layers will consist of silicon microstrip sensors. This paper will focu…
This note describes a prototype particle tracking detector constructed with 1 mm plastic scintillating fibres with a 64 channel Hamamatsu H8500 flat-panel multi-anode photomultiplier readout. Cosmic ray tracks from an array of 11 gas-filled drift tubes were matched to signals in the scintillating fibres in order to measure the resolution and efficiency of tracks reconstructed in the fibre-based tracker. A GEANT4 detector simulation was also developed to compare cosmic ray data with MC results and is discussed in the note. Using the parameters measured in this experimental setup, modified fibre…
We report on the operation and performance of the ATLAS Semi-Conductor Tracker (SCT), which has been functioning for 3 years in the high luminosity, high radiation environment of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. We also report on the few improvements of the SCT foreseen for the high energy run of the LHC. We find $99.3\%$ of the SCT modules are operational, the noise occupancy and hit efficiency exceed the design specifications; the alignment is very close to the ideal to allow on-line track reconstruction and invariant mass determination. We will report on the operation and performance of t…
This paper describes the integration structures for the silicon strips tracker of the ATLAS detector proposed for the Phase-II upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), also referred to as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). In this proposed detector Silicon strip sensors are arranged in highly modular structures, called `staves' and `petals'. This paper presents performance results from the latest prototype stave built at Berkeley. This new, double-sided prototype is composed of a specialized core structure, in which a shield-less bus tape is embedded in between carbon fiber lay-ups. A detailed d…
This paper presents a readout system designed for testing the prototype of Small-Strip Thin Gap Chamber (sTGC), which is one of the main detector technologies used for ATLAS New-Small-Wheel Upgrade. This readout system aims at testing one full-size sTGC quadruplet with cosmic muon triggers.
We report on a technique developed to diagnostic for non working readout channels of the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT), one of the three inner detectors of the ATLAS experiment. From a detailled study, we show that 99.6 % of the readout channels of the TRT endcap-detector are perfectly operational.
This paper presents the design and test results of a Gigabit Cable Receiver ASIC called GBCR for the HL-LHC upgrade of the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) pixel detector. Three prototypes (GBCR1, GBCR2, and GBCR3) have been designed in the CERN-identified 65 nm CMOS technology. GBCR receives seven (GBCR2) or six (GBCR3) channels (RX) each at 1.28 Gbps from the front-end readout chip RD53B via flex cables up to 1 meter and Twinax cables up to 5 meters and sends the equalized and retimed signals to lpGBT. Both GBCR2 and GBCR3 ASICs have two transmitting channels (TX) that pre-emphasize the signals fro…
We present a prototype for the first tracking detector consisting of 250 micron thin scintillating fibers and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays. The detector has a modular design, each module consists of a mechanical support structure of 10mm Rohacell foam between two 100 micron thin carbon fiber skins. Five layers of scintillating fibers are glued to both top and bottom of the support structure. SiPM arrays with a channel pitch of 250 micron are placed in front of the fibers. We show the results of the first module prototype using multiclad fibers of types Bicron BCF-20 and Kuraray SCSF-8…
The alignment of tracking detectors is crucial for the physics programme at the LHC, especially for precision measurements like the W mass. The alignment of the ATLAS silicon tracking detectors with a total of 5832 modules poses an unprecedented challenge. In this poster, two track-based alignment algorithms at ATLAS will be covered: the Global chi^2 Algorithm based on chi^2 minimisation, and the Robust Alignment Algorithm based on centering residual distributions. On a time scale of minutes and hours, the geometry of the silicon tracking detectors can be monitored with the Frequency Scanning …
A serializer ASIC and a VCSEL driver ASIC are needed for the front-end optical data transmission in the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter readout phase-I upgrade. The baseline ASICs are the serializer LOCx2 and the VCSEL driver LOCld, designed in a 0.25-μm Silicon-on-Sapphire (SoS) CMOS technology and consumed 843 mW and 320 mW, respectively. Based on a 130-nm CMOS technology, we design two pin-to-pin-compatible backup ASICs, LOCx2-130 and LOCld-130. Their power consumptions are much lower then of their counterparts, whereas other performance, such as the latency, data rate, and radiation toleran…
This work presents a depleted monolithic active pixel sensor (DMAPS) prototype manufactured in the LFoundry 150 nm CMOS process. The described device, named LF-Monopix, was designed as a proof of concept of a fully monolithic sensor capable of operating in the environment of outer layers of the ATLAS Inner Tracker upgrade for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Implementing such a device in the detector module will result in a lower production cost and lower material budget compared to the presently used hybrid designs. In this paper the chip architecture will be described foll…
The ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) was designed to provide full tracking for the ATLAS high-level trigger by using pattern recognition based on Associative Memory (AM) chips and fitting in high-speed field programmable gate arrays. The tracks found by the FTK are based on inputs from all modules of the pixel and silicon microstrip trackers. The as-built FTK system and components are described, as is the online software used to control them while running in the ATLAS data acquisition system. Also described is the simulation of the FTK hardware and the optimization of the AM pattern banks. An optimiza…
The ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) is the outermost of the three sub-systems of the ATLAS Inner Detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. In addition to its tracking capabilities, the TRT provides particle identification (PID) ability through the detection of transition radiation X-ray photons. The latter functionality provides substantial discriminating power between electrons and hadrons in the momentum range from 1 to 200 GeV. In addition, the measurement of an enhancement of signal time length, which is related to high specific energy deposition (dE/dx), can be used to ident…
Serenity-S1, a CMS Tracker Readout and Data Processing Card for HL-LHC
Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）；STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory（STFC卢瑟福阿普尔顿实验室）；University of Bristol（布里斯托大学）；Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）
The readout electronics of the ATLAS Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter will have to withstand the about ten times larger radiation environment of the future high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) compared to their design values. The GaAs ASIC which comprises the heart of the readout electronics has been exposed to neutron and proton radiation with fluences up to ten times the total expected fluences for ten years of running of the HL-LHC. Neutron tests were performed at the NPI in Rez, Czech Republic, where a 36 MeV proton beam is directed on a thick heavy water target to produce neutrons. The proton irradiat…
A recently approved ten-year extension of the BESIII experiment (IHEP, Beijing) motivated an upgrade program for both the accelerator and the detector. In particular, the current inner drift chamber is suffering from aging and the proposal is to replace it with a detector based on the cylindrical GEM technology. The CGEM inner tracker (CGEM-IT) consists of three coaxial layers of triple GEM. The tracker is expected to restore efficiency, improve z-determination and secondary vertex position reconstruction with a spatial resolution of 130 μ m in the xy-plane and better than 300 μ m along the be…
The semiconductor tracker (SCT) is one of the tracking systems for charged particles in the ATLAS detector. It consists of 4088 silicon strip sensor modules. During Run 2 (2015$-$2018) the Large Hadron Collider delivered an integrated luminosity of 156 fb$^{-1}$ to the ATLAS experiment at a centre-of-mass $pp$ collision energy of 13 TeV. The instantaneous luminosity and pile-up conditions were far in excess of those assumed in the original design of the SCT detector. Due to improvements to the data acquisition system, the SCT operated stably throughout Run 2. It was available for 99.9% of the …
Two different depleted monolithic CMOS active pixel sensor (DMAPS) prototypes with a fully synchronous column-drain read-out architecture were designed and tested: LF-Monopix and TJ-Monopix. These chips are part of a R&D effort towards a suitable implementation of a CMOS DMAPS for the HL-LHC ATLAS Inner Tracker. LF-Monopix was developed using a 150nm CMOS process on a highly resistive substrate (>2 k$Ω\,$cm), while TJ-Monopix was fabricated using a modified 180 nm CMOS process with a 1 k$Ω\,$cm epi-layer for depletion. The chips differ in their front-end design, biasing scheme, pixel pitch, di…
We present prototype modules for a tracking detector consisting of multiple layers of 0.25 mm diameter scintillating fibers that are read out by linear arrays of silicon photomultipliers. The module production process is described and measurements of the key properties for both the fibers and the readout devices are shown. Five modules have been subjected to a 12 GeV/c proton/pion testbeam at CERN. A spatial resolution of 0.05 mm and light yields exceeding 20 detected photons per minimum ionizing particle have been achieved, at a tracking efficiency of more than 98.5%. Possible techniques for …
Particle physicists at the Large Hadron Collider investigate the properties of matter at subatomic length scales by colliding together bunches of high-energy protons and observing the decay products of the collisions. ATLAS is one of two general-purpose detectors that reconstruct the interactions and, as part of a wide range of physics goals, measure the production of Higgs bosons and searches for exotic new phenomena including supersymmetry, extra dimensions of spacetime, and dark matter. Selecting the interesting collision events using hardware- and software-based triggers is a major challen…
Silicon detectors based on the HV-CMOS technology are being investigated as possible candidate for the outer layers of the ATLAS pixel detector for the High Luminosity LHC. In this framework the H35Demo ASIC has been produced in the 350 nm AMS technology (H35). The H35Demo chip has a large area ($18.49 \times 24.40 \, \mathrm{mm^2}$) and includes four different pixel matrices and three test structures. In this paper the radiation hardness properties, in particular the evolution of the depletion region with fluence is studied using edge-TCT on test structures. Measurements on the test structure…
Physics collisions at 13 TeV are expected at the LHC with an average of 40-50 proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing under nominal conditions. Tracking at trigger level is an essential tool to control the rate in high-pileup conditions while maintaining a good efficiency for relevant physics processes. The Fast TracKer is an integral part of the trigger upgrade for the ATLAS detector. For every event passing the Level-1 trigger (at a maximum rate of 100 kHz) the FTK receives data from all the channels of the silicon detectors, providing tracking information to the High Level Trigger in or…
The readout electronics upgrade for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeters at the CERN Large Hadron Collider requires a radiation-hard ADC. The design of a radiation-hard dual-channel 12-bit 40 MS/s pipeline ADC for this use is presented. The design consists of two pipeline A/D channels each with four Multiplying Digital-to-Analog Converters followed by 8-bit Successive-Approximation-Register analog-to-digital converters. The custom design, fabricated in a commercial 130 nm CMOS process, shows a performance of 67.9 dB SNDR at 10 MHz for a single channel at 40 MS/s, with a latency of 87.5 ns (to f…
The ATLAS experiment will replace the present Small Wheel (SW) detector with a New Small Wheel detector (NSW) aiming to improve the performance of muon triggering and precision tracking in the endcap region at the High-Luminosity LHC. Small-strip Thin Gap Chamber (sTGC) is one of the two new detector technologies used in this upgrade. A few custom-designed ASICs are needed for the sTGC detector. We designed an sTGC ASIC interface board to test ASIC-to-ASIC communication and validate the functionality of the entire system. A test platform with the final readout system is set up and the whole sT…
To extend the physics reach of the LHC, accelerator upgrades are planned which will increase the integrated luminosity to beyond 3000 fb^-1 and the pile-up per bunch-crossing by a factor 5 to 10. To cope with the increased occupancy and radiation damage, the ATLAS experiment plans to introduce an all-silicon inner tracker with the HL-LHC upgrade. To investigate the suitability of pixel sensors using the proven planar technology for the upgraded tracker, the ATLAS Upgrade Planar Pixel Sensor R&D Project (PPS) was established comprising 19 institutes and more than 80 scientists. Main areas of re…
The high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider will provide 5-7 times greater luminosities than assumed in the original detector design. An improved trigger system requires an upgrade of the readout electronics of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter. Concepts for the future readout of the 182,500 calorimeter cells at 40-80 MHz and 16-bit dynamic range and the developments of radiation-tolerant, low-noise, low-power, and high-bandwidth front-end electronic components, including preamplifiers and shapers, 14-bit ADCs, and 10-Gb/s laser diode array drivers, are presented in this paper.
