训练/筑堤思想实验、爱因斯坦狭义相对论第二公设和同时性的相对性
The train/embankment thought experiment, Einstein's second postulate of special relativity and relativity of simultaneity
摘要：
利用相对论时间延缓效应和爱因斯坦的狭义相对论第二公设分析了训练/路堤的思想实验，包括爱因斯坦的原始实验和扩展实验，其中考虑了两列以不同速度移动的列车上的观察者以及路堤上的观察者。尽管爱因斯坦实验的相对论分析表明，与爱因斯坦的解释相反，没有“同时性的相对性”效应，但后者对于双列车实验中的某些事件是明显的。相对论运动学的重要性-体现为光子在爱因斯坦的第二个假设-为正确的解释的实验指出，并证明了一个相关的例子的详细计算。
英文摘要：
The relativistic time dilatation effect and Einstein's second postulate of special relativity are used to analyse train/embankment thought expriments, both Einstein's original one, and an extension where observers on two trains moving at different speeds, as well as on the embankment, are considered. Whereas the relativistic analysis of Einstein's experiment shows, in contradiction to Einstein's interpretation, no `relativity of simultaneity' effect, the latter is apparent for certain events in the two-train experiment. The importance of relativistic kinematics --embodied for photons in Einstein's second postulate-- for the correct interpretation of the experiments is pointed out and demonstrated by detailed calculation of a related example.
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