边界层风速记录的定性描述
A Qualitative Description of Boundary Layer Wind Speed Records
摘要：
大气的复杂性使其具有湍流的特性，大气边界层（ABL）中的风速变化表现出高度不规则的波动，并在很大的时间和空间尺度上持续存在。尽管在微尺度湍流方面有大量重要的工作，但了解大气风速变化的统计数据已被证明是难以捉摸和具有挑战性的。关于ABL处风速性质的知识对气象学、水文学、农业、污染物扩散以及更重要的风能发电等几个研究领域具有深远的影响。在本研究中，时间风速记录从分布在整个北达科他州（ND，美国），（$\sim$ 70,000平方英里）和跨越近八年的时间跨度。我们发现，这些记录表现出一个特征广泛的多重分形谱，无论地理位置和地形。来自极地地区、墨西哥湾和北太平洋的具有不同质量特征的气团的快速前进解释了ND当地天气系统的不规则变化。我们推测，观察到的多重分形结构的主要原因之一可能是不规则的复发和汇合，这三个空气质量。
英文摘要：
The complexity of the atmosphere endows it with the property of turbulence by virtue of which, wind speed variations in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) exhibit highly irregular fluctuations that persist over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Despite the large and significant body of work on microscale turbulence, understanding the statistics of atmospheric wind speed variations has proved to be elusive and challenging. Knowledge about the nature of wind speed at ABL has far reaching impact on several fields of research such as meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, pollutant dispersion, and more importantly wind energy generation. In the present study, temporal wind speed records from twenty eight stations distributed through out the state of North Dakota (ND, USA), ($\sim$ 70,000 square-miles) and spanning a period of nearly eight years are analyzed. We show that these records exhibit a characteristic broad multifractal spectrum irrespective of the geographical location and topography. The rapid progression of air masses with distinct qualitative characteristics originating from Polar regions, Gulf of Mexico and Northern Pacific account for irregular changes in the local weather system in ND. We hypothesize that one of the primary reasons for the observed multifractal structure could be the irregular recurrence and confluence of these three air masses.
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