电磁地震爆发与岩石过氧键网络的临界破裂
Electro-Magnetic Earthquake Bursts and Critical Rupture of Peroxy Bond Networks in Rocks
摘要：
我们提出了一种机制，低频电磁辐射和其他电磁现象已与地震。该机制结合了临界地震的概念和地壳在不断增加的应力下充当充电电池的概念。通过激活氧阴离子亚晶格中的休眠电荷载流子（称为过氧键或正空穴对（PHP））来释放电荷，其中PHP表示具有$X,Y = Si^{4+}, Al^{3+}...$的$O_3X/^{OO}\backslash YO_3$，即硅酸盐的$O^{2-}$基质中的$O^-$。我们建议，PHP被激活的塑性形变在缓慢的合作建立的应力和日益相关的损害最终在一个大的“临界”地震。最近的实验室实验确实表明，受到压力的岩石形成电池，当导电路径闭合等效电路时，电池可以释放电荷。我们推测，间歇性和不稳定的发生的EM信号是一个后果的逐步建立的电池电荷在地壳和他们的不稳定的释放时，裂纹网络是在整个应力岩石体积，提供了一个导电通路的电池电流放电。因此，EM信号预计接近破裂，或稍早或稍晚，也就是说，当渗流是最有利的。
英文摘要：
We propose a mechanism for the low frequency electromagnetic emissions and other electromagnetic phenomena which have been associated with earthquakes. The mechanism combines the critical earthquake concept and the concept of crust acting as a charging electric battery under increasing stress. The electric charges are released by activation of dormant charge carriers in the oxygen anion sublattice, called peroxy bonds or positive hole pairs (PHP), where a PHP represents an $O_3X/^{OO}\backslash YO_3$ with $X,Y = Si^{4+}, Al^{3+}...$, i.e. an $O^-$ in a matrix of $O^{2-}$ of silicates. We propose that PHP are activated by plastic deformations during the slow cooperative build-up of stress and the increasingly correlated damage culminating in a large ``critical'' earthquake. Recent laboratory experiments indeed show that stressed rocks form electric batteries which can release their charge when a conducting path closes the equivalent electric circuit. We conjecture that the intermittent and erratic occurrences of EM signals are a consequence of the progressive build-up of the battery charges in the Earth crust and their erratic release when crack networks are percolating throughout the stressed rock volumes, providing a conductive pathway for the battery currents to discharge. EM signals are thus expected close to the rupture, either slightly before or after, that is, when percolation is most favored.
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