岩石中过氧缺陷与空穴的耦合研究第二部分II：应力岩石中的电流流出
Paradox of Peroxy Defects and Positive Holes in Rocks Part II: Outflow of Electric Currents from Stressed Rocks
摘要：
了解岩石的电学性质是一项基本的兴趣。我们报告的电流时产生的应力。通过5 cm直径的活塞加载30 x 30 x 0.9 cm $^3$辉长岩砖的中心，导致正电流从中心流向无应力边缘。从0.2kPa/s到20 MPa/s改变5个数量级的恒定加载速率产生正电流，其在<5 MPa的低应力水平下已经开始流动。只要应力增加，电流就会增加。在恒定的负载下，它们流动数小时，数天，甚至数周和数月，随着时间的推移缓慢下降。当应力消除时，它们会迅速消失，但在重新加载时又会重新出现。这些电流与造岩矿物基质中的过氧缺陷，如O $_3$ Si-OO-SiO $_3$的应力活化是一致的。过氧断裂导致正空穴h $^{\bullet}$，即在O $^{2-}$加上电子e '的矩阵中与O $^-$相关的电子状态。沿着价带的上边缘移动，空穴能够从受应力的岩石流到未受应力的岩石，通过使用价带上边缘处的能级的声子辅助电子跳跃机制快速且远地行进。撞击瓦片中心导致h个$^{\bullet}$脉冲，4-6 ms长，以约100 m/sec的速度向外流动，电流相当于1-2 x 10 $^9$ A/km $^3$。被捕获在断裂的过氧键中的电子也是可移动的，但仅在受应力的体积内。
英文摘要：
Understanding the electrical properties of rocks is of fundamental interest. We report on currents generated when stresses are applied. Loading the center of gabbro tiles, 30x30x0.9 cm$^3$, across a 5 cm diameter piston, leads to positive currents flowing from the center to the unstressed edges. Changing the constant rate of loading over 5 orders of magnitude from 0.2 kPa/s to 20 MPa/s produces positive currents, which start to flow already at low stress levels, <5 MPa. The currents increase as long as stresses increase. At constant load they flow for hours, days, even weeks and months, slowly decreasing with time. When stresses are removed, they rapidly disappear but can be made to reappear upon reloading. These currents are consistent with the stress-activation of peroxy defects, such as O$_3$Si-OO-SiO$_3$, in the matrix of rock-forming minerals. The peroxy break-up leads to positive holes h$^{\bullet}$, i.e. electronic states associated with O$^-$ in a matrix of O$^{2-}$, plus electrons, e'. Propagating along the upper edge of the valence band, the holes are able to flow from stressed to unstressed rock, traveling fast and far by way of a phonon-assisted electron hopping mechanism using energy levels at the upper edge of the valence band. Impacting the tile center leads to h$^{\bullet}$ pulses, 4-6 ms long, flowing outward at ~100 m/sec at a current equivalent to 1-2 x 10$^9$ A/km$^3$. Electrons, trapped in the broken peroxy bonds, are also mobile, but only within the stressed volume.
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