相对论薛定谔理论中的氦多重态结构
Helium Multiplet Structure in Relativistic Schrödinger Theory
摘要：
类氦离子多重态结构的出现是在相对论薛定谔理论（英语：Relativistic Schrödinger Theory）中研究的，这是一种多粒子系统相对论量子理论的流体动力学方法。氦的流体动力学特性要求对任何$N$ -粒子组态指定电子电流密度$\jmu$，这里通过非常详细地考虑氦的单线态（${}^1S_0$）和三线态（${}^3S_1$）来举例说明。由于量子力学中密度的使用是基于波函数的概念，新理论表现为传统波函数形式主义和密度泛函理论的某种（相对论）统一，这两者都是原子和分子物理学中最重要的理论工具。作为一个演示的实际用途的氘，能量差$ΔE_{1\backslash 2}$的氦单重态$2s^2 {}^1S_0$和$1s^2 {}^1S_0$计算了大范围的核电荷数$z_{ex}$（$2\leq z_{ex}\leq 100$），而相应的实验值只能达到$z_{ex}=42$（钼）。这些结果与观测资料的偏差小于0.3美元
英文摘要：
The emergence of a multiplet structure of the helium-like ions is studied within Relativistic Schrödinger Theory (RST), a fluid-dynamic approach to the relativistic quantum theory of the many-particle systems. The fluid-dynamic character of RST demands to specify the electronic current densities $\jmu$ for any $N$-particle configuration which is exemplified here by considering the helium singlet (${}^1S_0$) and triplet (${}^3S_1$) states in great detail. Since the use of densities in RST is based upon the concept of wave functions, the new theory appears as a certain kind of (relativistic) unification of the conventional wave function formalism and the density functional theory, which both are the most prominent theoretical tools in atomic and molecular physics. As a demonstration of the practical usefulness of RST, the energy difference $ΔE_{1\backslash 2}$ of the helium singlet states $2s^2 {}^1S_0$ and $1s^2 {}^1S_0$ is calculated for a large range of nuclear charge numbers $z_{ex}$ ($2\leq z_{ex}\leq 100$), whereas the corresponding experimental values are available only up to $z_{ex}=42$ (molybdenum). The deviations of these RST results from the observational data is less than $0,3
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