麦克斯韦魔控制下布朗粒子的涨落定理
Fluctuation Theorems of Brownian Particles Controlled by a Maxwell's Demon
摘要：
我们研究了布朗粒子在热浴中的随机动力学，并受到外部麦克斯韦恶魔样代理的主动闭环控制。该代理使用粒子的速度信息，并通过施加力来减少其热搅动。因此，粒子和热浴整体的熵会减少。熵泵[Phys. Rev. Lett. 93，120602（2004）]量化熵减少。我们发现，熵泵在闭环控制下对开放系统的自由能变化和熵产生具有功和热的双重作用。在熵抽运的存在下，发展了功泛函和熵产生的广义Jarzynski等式和涨落定理。
英文摘要：
We study the stochastic dynamics of Brownian particles in a heat bath and subject to an active feedback control by an external, Maxwell's demon-like agent. The agent uses the information of the velocity of a particle and reduces its thermal agitation by applying a force. The entropy of the particle and the heat bath as a whole, thus, reduces. Entropy pumping [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 120602 (2004)] quantifies the entropy reduction. We discover that the entropy pumping has a dual role of work and heat contributing to free energy changes and entropy production of the open-system with the feedback control. Generalized Jarzynski equality and fluctuation theorems for work functional and entropy production are developed with the presence of the entropy pumping.
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