麦克斯韦的恶魔及其谬误揭秘
Maxwell's Demon and its Fallacies Demystified
摘要：
一个由麦克斯韦引入的恶魔，奇迹般地创造了热不平衡并违反了热力学第二定律，150多年来一直是最有趣和最难以捉摸的一厢情愿的概念之一。麦克斯韦和他的追随者专注于“毫不费力地门控”一次一个分子，但忽略了其他混乱分子的同时干扰，而恶魔驱魔师则试图通过测量和门操作的工作，以及信息存储和熵产生的记忆擦除来证明不可能的过程。虚幻和持久的麦克斯韦恶魔谬论的倡导者，以及它的驱魔师，是仔细审查和解决这里。基于整体的，现象学的推理，在这里推导出麦克斯韦的恶魔操作，对自然力和没有适当的工作努力，以抑制干扰的竞争热粒子，而一个是选择性门控，是不可能在任何规模，因为它将是对物理学的混乱的热运动，后者没有一致的分子方向偏好的选择性定时是可能的。麦克斯韦的恶魔会有奇迹般的有用效果，但也会有一些灾难性的后果。
英文摘要：
A demonic being, introduced by Maxwell, to miraculously create thermal non-equilibrium and violate the Second law of thermodynamics, has been among the most intriguing and elusive wishful concepts for over 150 years. Maxwell and his followers focused on 'effortless gating' a molecule at a time, but overlooked simultaneous interference of other chaotic molecules, while the demon exorcists tried to justify impossible processes with misplaced 'compensations' by work of measurements and gate operation, and information storage and memory erasure with entropy generation. The illusive and persistent Maxwell's demon fallacies by its advocates, as well as its exorcists, are scrutinized and resolved here. Based on holistic, phenomenological reasoning, it is deduced here that a Maxwell's demon operation, against natural forces and without due work effort to suppress interference of competing thermal particles while one is selectively gated, is not possible at any scale, since it would be against the physics of the chaotic thermal motion, the latter without consistent molecular directional preference for selective timing to be possible. Maxwell's demon would have miraculous useful effects, but also some catastrophic consequences.
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