点电荷与磁体相互作用的Darwin-Lagrangian分析：关于Aharonov-Bohm和Aharonov-Casher相移之争的考虑
Darwin-Lagrangian Analysis for the Interaction of a Point Charge and a Magnet: Considerations Related to the Controversy Regarding the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher Phase Shifts
摘要：
本文讨论了点电荷与磁体的经典电磁相互作用，首先计算了点电荷与简单模型磁矩的相互作用，然后提出了多粒子极限。达尔文拉格朗日量被用来分析模型磁矩（由两个不同质量的相反电荷的粒子在一个初始的圆形轨道）与通过点电荷相互作用的电磁行为。人们发现，变化的磁矩会对通过的电荷产生一个反作用力;这个力的数量级为1/c^2，取决于磁矩的大小。提出了在多粒子磁环极限下，通过电荷的电场被屏蔽在磁体之外，而磁场则穿透磁体。这与我们对电磁速度场穿透欧姆导体的理解是一致的。讨论了守恒定律。这项工作对应于一个经典的电磁分析的相互作用，这是基本的理解争议的Aharonov玻姆和Aharonov-Casher相移，并代表了一个反驳的建议Aharonov，Pearle和Vaidman。
英文摘要：
The classical electromagnetic interaction of a point charge and a magnet is discussed by first calculating the interaction of point charge with a simple model magnetic moment and then suggesting a multiparticle limit. The Darwin Lagrangian is used to analyze the electromagnetic behavior of the model magnetic moment (composed of two oppositely charged particles of different mass in an initially circular orbit) interacting with a passing point charge. The changing mangetic moment is found to put a force back on a passing charge; this force is of order 1/c^2 and depends upon the magnitude of the magnetic moment. It is suggested that in the limit of a multiparticle magnetic toroid, the electric fields of the passing charge are screened out of the body of the magnet while the magnetic fields penetrate into the magnet. This is consistent with our understanding of the penetration of electromagnetic velocity fields into ohmic conductors. Conservation laws are discussed. The work corresponds to a classical electromagnetic analysis of the interaction which is basic to understanding the controversy over the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher phase shifts and represents a refutation of the suggestions of Aharonov, Pearle, and Vaidman.
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