点电荷与磁矩的经典电磁相互作用：与Aharonov-Bohm相移有关的考虑
Classical Electromagnetic Interaction of a Point Charge and a Magnetic Moment: Considerations Related to the Aharonov-Bohm Phase Shift
摘要：
本文对点电荷与磁矩的经典电磁相互作用提出了一种全新的理解。这种相对论分析将磁体中隐藏的动量、Solem对经典氢原子的奇异极化和Aharonov-Bohm相移联系在一起。我们使用一个相对论性的磁矩模型，由许多叠加的经典氢原子通过达尔文拉格朗日与外部电荷相互作用，但不与对方。Solem关于经典氢原子奇异极化的分析给出了一个根本不同的机制，即通过电荷的电场改变磁矩。变化的磁矩导致在点电荷处的电力返回，该电力i）在1/c中是二阶的，ii）取决于磁偶极矩，随着偶极矩改变符号，iii）在通过电荷的电荷q中是奇数的，以及iv）对于在磁矩的相对侧上通过的电荷反转符号。我们认为，一个现实的多粒子磁矩涉及到一个不断变化的磁矩，保持电磁场动量恒定。这也意味着磁矩不允许其内部能量中心发生显著的偏移。这个判据也意味着作用在带电粒子和点电荷上的洛伦兹力大小相等且方向相反，并且每一个的能量中心根据牛顿第二定律移动，其中的力正好是洛伦兹力。最后，我们注意到，这里给出的结果和建议正是解释经典电磁力引起的Aharonov-Bohm相移和Aharonov-Casher相移所需要的。
英文摘要：
A fundamentally new understanding of the classical electromagetic interaction of a point charge and a magnetic moment through order second order in 1/c is suggested. This relativistic analysis connects together hidden momentum in magnets, Solem's strange polarization of the classical hydrogen atom, and the Aharonov-Bohm Phase shift. We use a relativistic magnetic moment model consisting of many superimposed classical hydrogen atoms interacting through the Darwin Lagrangian with an external charge but not with each other. The analysis of Solem regarding the strange polarization of the classical hydrogen atom is seen to give a fundamentally different mechanism for the electric field of the passing charge to change the magnetic moment. The changing magnetic moment leads to an electric force back at the point charge which i)is second order in 1/c, ii)depends upon the magnetic dipole moment, changing sign with the dipole moment, iii)is odd in the charge q of the passing charge, and iv)reverses sign for charges passing on opposite sides of the magnetic moment. We suggest that a realistic multi-particle magnetic moment involves a changing magnetic moment which keeps the electromagnetic field momentum constant. This means also that the magnetic moment does not allow a significant shift in its internal center of energy. This criterion also implies that the Lorentz forces on the charged particle and on the point charge are equal and opposite and that the center of energy of each moves according to Newton's second law where the force is exactly the Lorentz force. Finally, we note that the results and suggestion given here are precisely what are needed to explain both the Aharonov-Bohm phase shift and the Aharonov-Casher phase shift as arising from classical electromagnetic forces.
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