弹性理论与病毒壳的形状转变
Elasticity Theory and Shape Transitions of Viral Shells
摘要：
最近，连续弹性理论已被应用于解释二十面体病毒衣壳的形状转变-单蛋白质厚的结晶壳-从球形到屈曲/刻面，因为它们的半径增加通过一个临界值确定的竞争之间的拉伸和弯曲能量的一个封闭的二维弹性网络。在目前的工作中，我们推广这种方法与非二十面体对称的衣壳，例如，球圆柱壳和圆锥壳。一个关键的新物理成分是非零自发曲率所起的作用。另一个是与特殊的方式，其中的能量的12个拓扑所需的五重网站取决于背景的局部曲率的壳，他们嵌入。这些贡献的系统评价导致的形状相图中，观察到从二十面体的spherocylinocyanate衣壳作为一个函数的拉伸弯曲能量和自发曲率的2D蛋白质网络的比率的过渡。我们发现，从二十面体到球圆柱对称的过渡是连续的或弱的一阶附近的屈曲，导致广泛的形状退化。这些结果进行了讨论的背景下，实验观察到的各种病毒衣壳的形状的变化。
英文摘要：
Recently, continuum elasticity theory has been applied to explain the shape transition of icosahedral viral capsids - single-protein-thick crystalline shells - from spherical to buckled/faceted as their radius increases through a critical value determined by the competition between stretching and bending energies of a closed 2D elastic network. In the present work we generalize this approach to capsids with non-icosahedral symmetries, e.g., spherocylindrical and conical shells. One key new physical ingredient is the role played by nonzero spontaneous curvature. Another is associated with the special way in which the energy of the twelve topologically-required five-fold sites depends on the background local curvature of the shell in which they are embedded. Systematic evaluation of these contributions leads to a shape phase diagram in which transitions are observed from icosahedral to spherocylindrical capsids as a function of the ratio of stretching to bending energies and of the spontaneous curvature of the 2D protein network. We find that the transition from icosahedral to spherocylindrical symmetry is continuous or weakly first-order near the onset of buckling, leading to extensive shape degeneracy. These results are discussed in the context of experimentally observed variations in the shapes of a variety of viral capsids.
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