为什么大型二十面体病毒需要支架蛋白：高斯曲率和向错相互作用的相互作用
Why large icosahedral viruses need scaffolding proteins: The interplay of Gaussian curvature and disclination interactions
摘要：
虽然小的单链病毒外壳自发地使它们的基因组发生变性，但许多大型病毒，如疱疹病毒或传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV），通常需要由支架蛋白或内核组成的模板。尽管自然界中大型病毒的增殖，但数百或数千个蛋白质组装形成具有二十面体序（IO）的结构的机制是完全未知的。使用连续弹性理论，我们研究了大的病毒壳（衣壳）的生长，并表明，一个非特异性的模板不仅选择半径的衣壳，但导致错误的蛋白质亚基组装成衣壳与通用IO。我们证明，作为一个球冠的增长，有一个深的潜在的位置的向错，后来在组装过程中将成为一个二十面体的顶点。此外，我们引入了一个极小模型，并在非平衡条件下模拟了病毒壳在模板周围的组装，发现连续弹性理论的结果和数值模拟之间的完美匹配。除了解释现有的实验结果，我们提供了一些新的预测。球形晶体中的其他问题的影响也进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
While small single stranded viral shells encapsidate their genome spontaneously, many large viruses, such as the Herpes virus or Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), typically require a template, consisting of either scaffolding proteins or inner core. Despite the proliferation of large viruses in nature, the mechanisms by which hundreds or thousands of proteins assemble to form structures with icosahedral order (IO) is completely unknown. Using continuum elasticity theory, we study the growth of large viral shells (capsids) and show that a non-specific template not only selects the radius of the capsid, but leads to the error-free assembly of protein subunits into capsids with universal IO. We prove that as a spherical cap grows, there is a deep potential well at the locations of disclinations that later in the assembly process will become the vertices of an icosahedron. Furthermore, we introduce a minimal model and simulate the assembly of viral shell around a template under non-equilibrium conditions and find a perfect match between the results of continuum elasticity theory and the numerical simulations. Besides explaining available experimental results, we provide a number of new predictions. Implications for other problems in spherical crystals are also discussed.
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