论量子力学概念困难的根源
On the Origin of Conceptual Difficulties of Quantum Mechanics
摘要：
事实上，量子力学所用的概念并不是在力学的形式主义框架中确定的。其中我们可以称之为“波粒”概念（然而，在经典物理和高能物理中都没有出现），薛定谔波函数的概率解释以及由此产生的概率振幅及其相位，长程作用，海森堡的不确定原理，通往所谓的物理值算子的通道，正统的量子力学被构造为在所提到的概念的相空间中发展的物理理论。这就是为什么量子力学的形式主义只针对所研究的量子系统的能量的定态的详细计算，而不能描述系统在真实空间中运行的真实路径;相反，形式主义给出平均概率预测。因此，如果我们能够在实空间中发展量子力学，那么就有可能澄清与上述概念相关的所有困难。这样一个在实空间中发展起来的量子力学理论，实际上是作者最近才建立起来的。该理论从更深层次的第一原理开始，即从考虑四维时空的概念开始。从而明确了基本粒子的概念、基本粒子的运动原理和基本粒子的性质。该理论，而不是一个亚微观的，其特点是短程作用，自动意味着引入一种新的载体，即量子力学力的载体。被称为“惰性子”的载体的存在（因为它们携带物质的惰性）确实已经在一些实验中得到了证实。
英文摘要：
It is the matter of fact that quantum mechanics operates with notions that are not determined in the frame of the mechanics' formalism. Among them we can call the notion of "wave-particle" (that, however, does not appear in both classical and high energy physics), the probabilistic interpretation of the Schroedinger wave ψ-function and hence the probability amplitude and its phase, long-range action, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the passage to the so-called operators of physical values, etc. Orthodox quantum mechanics was constructed as a physical theory developed in the phase space of the mentioned notions. That is why the formalism of quantum mechanics is aimed only at detailed calculations of the stationary states of the energy of the quantum system studied and is not able to describe a real path running by the system in the real space; instead, the formalism gives an averaged probabilistic prediction. Thus, if we are able to develop quantum mechanics in the real space, an option to clarify all the difficulties associated with the above notions would appear. Such a theory of quantum mechanics developed in the real space in fact has recently been constructed by the author. The theory started from deeper first principles, namely, from the consideration of the notion of a 4D space-time. So, the notion of fundamental particle, the principles of the motion of a particle and other characteristics have been made clear. The theory, rather a submicroscopic one, is characterized by short-range action that automatically means the introduction of a new kind of carriers, i.e. carriers of the quantum mechanical force. The existence of the carriers called "inertons" (because they carry inert properties of matter) has indeed been verified in a number of experiments.
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