Guang-jiong Ni
The conceptual evolution of principle of relativity in the theory of special relativity is discussed in detail. It is intimately related to a series of difficulties in quantum mechanics,relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory as well as to new predictions about antigravity and tachyonic neutrinos etc.
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The Art of Memory started with Aristotle's questions on memory. During its long evolution, it had important contributions from alchemist, was transformed by Ramon Llull and apparently ended with Giordano Bruno, who was considered the best known representative of this art. This tradition did not disappear, but lives in the formulations of our modern scientific theories. From its initial form as a method of keeping information via associations, it became a principle of classification and structuring of knowledge. This principle, which we here name {\it differentiation with stratification}, is a …
The research shows that the Heisenberg principle is the logic results of general relativity principle. If inertia coordinator system is used, the general relativity will logically be derived from the Heisenberg principle. The intrinsic relation between the quantum mechanics and general relativity is broken by introducing pure-imaginary time to explain the Lorentz transformation. Therefore, this research shows a way to establish an unified field theory of physics
A particular problem about special kind of two light pulses propagation has been considered in cases of inertial motion, constant homogeneous gravitation field and progressive non-inertial motion with constant acceleration. A contradiction between the causality principle and relativity theory has been revealed.
In this note, we discuss the significance of the general principle of relativity for a physical theory that abandons the newtonian concept of force and, hence, uses an entirely different conception for the ``cause'' behind motions of material bodies.
The modern view, that there exists a preferred frame of reference related to the cosmic microwave background (CMB), is in apparent contradiction with the principles of special relativity. The purpose of the present study is to develop a counterpart of the special relativity theory that is consistent with the existence of a preferred frame but, like the standard relativity theory, is based on the relativity principle and universality of the (\textit{two-way}) speed of light. In the framework developed, a degree of anisotropy of the one-way velocity acquires meaning of a characteristic of the re…
Many Body in General Relativity: A thermal equivalence principle
本文回顾了广义相对论框架下多体系统的物理，从单体应力-能量张量到完美流体，涵盖相对论流体动力学、动力学理论和N个全同粒子的统计物理，最终提出热等效原理。
It is pointed out that at present we only prove that inertial static mass and gravitational static mass are equivalent. We have not proved that inertial moving mass and gravitational moving mass are also equivalent. It is proved by the dynamic effect of special relativity that inertial moving mass and gravitational moving mass are not equivalent. Besides, it can be proved that the principle of general relativity is untenable. It is only an apparent felling of mankind actually. Therefore, there exists serious defect in the foundation of the Einsteins theory of gravitation. We need to renovate o…
In the standard formulation of the twin paradox an accelerated twin considers himself as at rest and his brother as moving. Hence, when formulating the twin paradox, one uses the general principle of relativity, i.e. that accelerated and rotational motion is relative. The significance of perfect inertial dragging for the validity of the principle of relativity is made clear. Three new results are reviewed in the discussion. A cosmic time effect which cannot be reduced to the gravitational or the kinematical time dilation. Perfect dragging in an exact solution of Einsteins field equations descr…
We suggest a new relativity principle, which asserts the impossibility to distinguish the state of rest and the state of motion at the constant velocity of a system, if no work is done to the system in question during its motion. We suggest calling this new rule as "conservative relativity principle" (CRP). In the case of an empty space, CRP is reduced to the Einstein special relativity principle. We also show that CRP is compatible with the general relativity principle. One of important implications of CRP is the dependence of the proper time of a charged particle on the electric potential at…
A general variational principle of classical fields with a Lagrangian containing the field quantity and its derivatives of up to the N-th order is presented. Noether's theorem is derived. The generalized Hamilton-Jacobi's equation for the Hamilton's principal functional is obtained. These results are surprisingly in great harmony with each other. They will be applied to the general relativity in the subsequent articles, especially the generalized Noether's theorem will be applied to the problem of conservation and non-conservation in curved spacetime..
We explain our strong disagreement with the statement about "several scientific errors" in our paper [arXiv:1407.6619] and highlight the validity of our approach, which had been already confirmed in the well-known experiments by Millikan.
The formalism of Fantappie-Arcidiacono Projective General Relativity - also known as De Sitter Relativity - has recently been revised in order to make possible cosmological models with expansion, similarly to ordinary Fridman cosmology formulated within the context of General Relativity. In this article, several consequences of interest in the current cosmological debate are examined and discussed in a semiquantitative manner. Specifically: re-examination of the Supernova Project results using this new formalism, with a new estimate of the cosmological parameters; the ordinary matter to dark m…
It is proved that local Lorentz transformations for different systems cannot derive varying speed of light. Based on the special relativity principle, an invariant speed is necessarily obtained. Therefore, the exact basic principles of the special relativity should be redefined as: I. The special relativity principle, which derives necessarily an invariant speed. II. Suppose that the invariant speed in the theory is the speed of light in the vacuum c. If the second principle does not hold, for example, the superluminal motions exist, the theory will be still the extensive special relativity, i…
This Letter, i.e. for the first time, proves that a general invariant velocity is originated from the principle of special relativity, namely, discovers the origin of the general invariant velocity, and when the general invariant velocity is taken as the invariant light velocity in current theories, we get the corresponding special theory of relativity. Further, this Letter deduces triple special theories of relativity in cosmology, and cancels the invariant presumption of light velocity, it is proved that there exists a general constant velocity K determined by the experiments in cosmology, f…
The classical uncertainty principle inequalities were imposed over the general relativity geodesic equation as a mathematical constraint. In this way, the uncertainty principle was reformulated in terms of proper space-time length element, Planck length and a geodesic-derived scalar, leading to a geometric expression for the uncertainty principle (GeUP). This reformulation confirmed the need for a minimum length of space-time line element in the geodesic, which depended on a Lorentz-covariant geodesic-derived scalar. In agreement with quantum gravity theories, GeUP imposed a perturbation over …
The absence of an identified consequence at solar system scale of the cosmological space expansion is usually explained considering that space expansion does not affect local anysotropies in matter distribution. This can also be explained considering a time dependent scenario compatible with Relativity Principle, therefore supporting physical laws independent of the time position of the observer. A theory considering such relativist scenario, i.e., generalizing Relativity Principle to position, embodies Cosmological Principle and can be intrinsically able to fit directly both local and cosmic …
In this paper, we investigate effect of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) under the doubly special relativity (DSR) on the thermodynamics properties of the topological charged black hole in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space only in the spherical horizon case have. Our study is based on a heuristic analysis of a particle which is captured by the black hole. We also report here some results of a usual analytical computation. However, we obtain the black hole thermodynamic properties as familiar concepts such as temperature, entropy and heat capacity under DSR-GUP. we also compare our both ana…
First, we present a history of the school of thought that the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation acts as an ether in contemporary popular English. Then we illustrate the properties of this ether and of a hypothetical "test mass" using a brand new thought experiment. Finally, we recount some post-Einstein efforts at a mathematical formulation of Mach's principle and raise some questions about what implications it has for the locality of rotation and for quantum gravity. This paper does not prove Einstein wrong.
In this presentation, I review physical principles behind a recently proposed \cite{smw-utr} Universal Theory of Relativity and speculate on the mathematical requirements implied by these physical principles. Some unresolved issues will also be discussed.
It is shown here that if we assume that what is conserved in nature is not simply mass-energy, but rather mass-energy plus the energy uncertainty of the uncertainty principle, and if we also assume that position uncertainty is reduced by the formation of relativistic horizons, then the resulting increase of energy uncertainty is close to that needed for a new model for inertial mass (MiHsC, quantised inertia) which has been shown to predict galaxy rotation without dark matter and cosmic acceleration without dark energy. The same principle can also be used to model the inverse square law of gra…
Quantum field theory (QFT) based on the principles of special relativity (SR) and it is in fact the \emph{kinematic theory of fields}. The root assumption is that there is "relativistic description" of \emph{any} isolated quantum system in the so-called class of inertial systems even if the internal interactions or self-interactions lie outside of the formal QFT itself. In such a situation we cannot be sure that the principle of relativity in the present form is universally applicable since this principle arose from the Maxwell electrodynamics. As we know Einstein was insisted to generalize th…
The possibility that global discrete dilation invariance is a fundamental symmetry principle of nature is explored. If the discrete self-similarity observed in nature is exact, then the Principle of General Covariance needs to be broadened in order to accommodate this form of discrete conformal invariance, and a further generalization of relativity theory is required.
The Principle of Relativity has so far been understood as the {\it covariance} of laws of Physics with respect to a general class of reference frame transformations. That relativity, however, has only been expressed with the help of {\it one single} type of mathematical entities, namely, the scalars given by the usual continuum of the field $\mathbb{R}$ of real numbers, or by the usual mathematical structures built upon $\mathbb{R}$, such as the scalars given by the complex numbers $\mathbb{C}$, or the vectors in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces $\mathbb{R}^n$, infinite dimensional Hilbert …
The field equations of general relativity are shown to derive from the existence of a limit force or of a limit power in nature. The limits have the value of c^4/4G and c^5/4G. The proof makes use of a result by Jacobson. All known experimental data is consistent with the limits. Applied to the universe, the limits predict its darkness at night and the observed scale factor. Some experimental tests of the limits are proposed. The main counter-arguments and paradoxes are discussed, such as the transformation under boosts, the force felt at a black hole horizon, the mountain problem, and the con…
The Lorentz Transformation is traditionally derived requiring the Principle of Relativity and light-speed universality. While the latter can be relaxed, the Principle of Relativity is seen as core to the transformation. The present letter relaxes both statements to the weaker, Symmetry of Reference Principle. Thus the resulting Lorentz transformation and its consequences (time dilatation, length contraction) are, in turn, effects of how we manage space and time.
A "Two-Spaceship Paradox" in special relativity is resolved and discussed. We demonstrate a nonstandard resolution to the "two-spaceship paradox" by explicit calculation using Generalized Principle of limiting 4-dimensional symmetry proposed in previous paper [1].The physical and geometrical meaning of the nonholonomic transformations used in special relativity is determined.
We propose a new interpretation of the equivalence principle underlying Einstein's general relativity: a free-falling frame with gravitational force eliminated locally in a small spacetime region shows the existence of a boundary level, below which gravity is absent and above which \textit{gravity emerges as condensation effect of microscopic motions} within each such frame and interrelates free-falling frames at different spacetime points. In this picture, gravitational field as a mediator of different free-falling frames shows a remarkable \textit{parallelism with an order parameter to speci…
On the connection between Lenz's law and relativity
本研究从狭义相对论与电磁场张量洛伦兹变换出发，通过操作性方法构建张量及变换法则，论证电磁统一性，提供了仅靠相对论推导楞次定律的新路径，可辅助初级学习者理解高等电磁学概念。
This article is an attempt for a new vision of the basics of Physics, and of Relativity, in particular. A new generalized principle of inertia is proposed, as an universal principle, based on universality of the conservation laws, not depending on the metric geometry used. The second and the third principles of Newton's mechanics are interpreted as logical consequences. The generalization of the classical principle of relativity made by Einstein as the most basic postulate in the Relativity is criticized as logically not well-founded. A new theoretical scheme is proposed based on two basic pri…
The newly discovered principle of maximum force makes it possible to summarize special relativity, quantum theory\se, and general relativity in one fundamental limit principle each. The three principles fully contain the three theories and are fully equivalent to their standard formulations. In particular, using a result by Jacobson based on the Raychaudhuri equation, it is shown that a maximum force implies the field equations of general relativity. The maximum force in nature is thus equivalent to the full theory of general relativity. Taken together, the three fundamental principles imply a…
Discrete Scale Relativity proposes a new symmetry principle called discrete cosmological self-similarity which relates each class of systems and phenomena on a given Scale of nature's discrete cosmological hierarchy to the equivalent class of analogue systems and phenomena on any other Scale. The new symmetry principle can be understood in terms of discrete scale invariance involving the spatial, temporal and dynamic parameters of all systems and phenomena. This new paradigm predicts a rigorous discrete self-similarity between Stellar Scale variable stars and Atomic Scale excited atoms undergo…
A generalized quantization principle is considered, which incorporates nontrivial commutation relations of the components of the variables of the quantized theory with the components of the corresponding canonical conjugated momenta referring to other space-time directions. The corresponding commutation relations are formulated by using quaternions. At the beginning, this extended quantization concept is applied to the variables of quantum mechanics. The resulting Dirac equation and the corresponding generalized expression for plane waves are formulated and some consequences for quantum field …
We deduce the most general space-time transformation laws consistent with the principle of relativity. Thus, our result contains the results of both Galilean and Einsteinian relativity. The velocity addition law comes as a bi-product of this analysis. We also argue why Galilean and Einsteinian versions are the only possible embodiments of the principle of relativity.
We look for the properties of empty space-time proceeding from the general relativity principle. An infinite number of the so-called covariant ether theories (CETs) has been found, which, like the special relativity theory (SRT), satisfy all known experimental facts in the physics of empty space-time. In this connection a new approach to the problem of experimental testing of SRT is discussed. In particular, we show that covariant ether theories predict a dependence of Thomas-Wigner angle on an absolute velocity of a reference frame of observation. Hence, a measurement of this dependence is ca…
The theory of special relativity can be generalized by means of a new principle called Conservation of Information. This allows a derivation of the constancy of the velocity of light with respect to moving frames, and, consequently, of Einstein's special relativity. The analysis is based on a review of the concept of observer. It is put forward that observers are not uniquely defined and that an observational asymmetry, defined by the different ways in which light influences observations, lies at the origin of the non-absolutism of time. This observational difference is a kinematic condition, …
I show that no force or torque is generated in cases involving a charge and a magnet with their relative velocity zero, in any inertial frame of reference. A recent suspicion of an anomalous torque and conflict with relativity in this case is rested. What is distilled as `Lorentz force' in standard electrodynamics, with relative velocity as the parameter, is an under-representation of two distinct physical phenomena, an effect due to Lorentz contraction and another due to the Ampere current-current interaction, rolled into one due to prejudice from special relativity applied only to linear mot…
We study the behavior of clocks in 1+1 spacetime assuming the relativity principle, the principle of constancy of the speed of light and the clock hypothesis. These requirements are satisfied by a class of Finslerian theories parametrized by a real coefficient $β$, special relativity being recovered for $β=0$. The effect of differential aging is studied for the different values of $β$. Below the critical values $|β| =1/c$ the differential aging has the usual direction - after a round trip the accelerated observer returns younger than the twin at rest in the inertial frame - while above the cri…
In Appendix B, there is a proposal about the Limb Effect which could be of great significance for Solar Physics. In his PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY, Cambridge University Press, 1922 (republished Dover, 2004) A. N. Whitehead, making no use of ''curved'' space-time, derived the same values as Einstein for the red-shift, perihelion advance and the deflection of light. Synge expounds Whitehead's arguments in modern notation making it more accessible for contemporary Physicists but also obtains the Shapiro retardation of electromagnetic radiation by a gravitational field. Synge compares Einstein's GRT …
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