This paper is a continuation of a study by Douglass and Clader. We extend the analysis through December 2003 using the latest updates of the observational temperature and solar irradiance data sets in addition to a new volcano proxy data set. We have re-determined the solar effect on the temperature from satellite measurements of the solar irradiance and the temperature of the lower troposphere the sensitivity to solar irradiance. This re-analysis calculates two newly recognized dynamic and non-radiative flux factors which must be applied to the observed sensitivity. The sensitivity is about twice that expected from a no-feedback Stefan-Boltzmann radiation balance model, which implies positive feedback. The sensitivity to volcano forcing is also determined. Preliminary results indicate that negative feedback is present in this case. Response times of fractions of a year are found for both solar and volcano forcing. We note that climate models generally assume relaxation times of 5 to 10 years and we comment on the consequences of this large disparity. We also have determined a linear trend in the data.
Considerations of Earth climate sensitivity based on peculiarities of planetary heat capacity using system identification method: Runaway greenhouse effect scenario is still possible
The influence of atmospheric composition on the climates of present-day and early Earth has been studied extensively, but the role of ocean composition has received less attention. We use the ROCKE-3D ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to investigate the response of Earth's present-day and Archean climate system to low vs. high ocean salinity. We find that saltier oceans yield warmer climates in large part due to changes in ocean dynamics. Increasing ocean salinity from 20 g/kg to 50 g/kg results in a 71% reduction in sea ice cover in our present-day Earth scenario. This same salinity …
Element AI；Service Now（ServiceNow）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；Radiant Earth Foundation；MIT（麻省理工学院）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）
Recent progress in self-supervision shows that pre-training large neural networks on vast amounts of unsupervised data can lead to impressive increases in generalisation for downstream tasks. Such models, recently coined as foundation models, have been transformational to the field of natural language processing. While similar models have also been trained on large corpuses of images, they are not well suited for remote sensing data. To stimulate the development of foundation models for Earth monitoring, we propose to develop a new benchmark comprised of a variety of downstream tasks related t…
Climate and ocean circulation changes toward a modern snowball Earth
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology（日本海洋地球科学技术局）；Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI), Institute of Future Science, Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学未来科学研究所生命起源研究所）；Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo（东京大学大气海洋研究所）；University of the Ryukyus（冲绳大学）；Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University（东北大学理学研究科地球物理学科）；National Institute of Polar Research（国立极地研究所）；The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI（综合研究大学院大学）
Global climate change, extreme climate events, earthquakes and their accompanying natural disasters pose significant risks to humanity. Yet due to the nonlinear feedbacks, strategic interactions and complex structure of the Earth system, the understanding and in particular the predicting of such disruptive events represent formidable challenges for both scientific and policy communities. During the past years, the emergence and evolution of Earth system science has attracted much attention and produced new concepts and frameworks. Especially, novel statistical physics and complex networks-base…
