相对论电荷动力学中令人惊讶的对称性
Surprising Symmetries in Relativistic Charge Dynamics
摘要：
本征旋量方法使用连接实验室和静止坐标系的代数洛伦兹旋转的经典振幅来研究粒子的相对论运动。它提出了电场一般定义的一个简单协变扩展：电磁场可以定义为它在粒子系中感应的适当时空旋转速率乘以它的质荷比。当应用于点电荷在外部电磁场中的动力学时，本征旋量方法揭示了令人惊讶的对称性，特别是加速电荷的静止坐标系中的某些场性质的不变性。对称性促进了电荷运动的解析解的发现，并简单地用时空几何学来解释。对匀加速电荷和电偶极子的对称性也作了简要的讨论。
英文摘要：
The eigenspinor approach uses the classical amplitude of the algebraic Lorentz rotation connecting the lab and rest frames to study the relativistic motion of particles. It suggests a simple covariant extension of the common definition of the electric field: the electromagnetic field can be defined as the proper spacetime rotation rate it induces in the particle frame times its mass-to-charge ratio. When applied to the dynamics of a point charge in an external electromagnetic field, the eigenspinor approach reveals surprising symmetries, particularly the invariance of some field properties in the rest frame of the accelerating charge. The symmetries facilitate the discovery of analytic solutions of the charge motion and are simply explained in terms of the geometry of spacetime. Symmetries of the uniformly accelerated charge and electric dipole are also briefly discussed.
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