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arXiv physics/0409070physics.plasm-phphysics.gen-ph
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量子混沌理论与环形等离子体中理想磁流体不稳定性的谱

Quantum chaos theory and the spectrum of ideal-MHD instabilities in toroidal plasmas

R. L. Dewar, C. Nuehrenberg, T. Tatsuno

摘要:

在全三维系统中,如仿星器,环形模数$n$不再是一个好的量子数--给定模族中的所有$n$都是耦合的。研究发现,不稳定的理想MHD(磁流体动力学)不稳定性的离散谱不再存在,除非通过引入短的垂直波长截止来修改(正则化)MHD。由于混沌射线轨迹的出现,试图用射线追踪来估计正则化的MHD谱失败。在量子混沌理论中,半经典极限下的强混沌导致与随机矩阵的适当系综相同的本征值统计。例如,相邻本征值之间的分离的概率分布函数是从随机矩阵理论导出的,并且在零分离处变为零。这与在可分离系统中发现的泊松分布形成对比,表明量子混沌的特征是能级排斥。为了确定正则化的MHD问题的特征值在可分离的1-D情形和混沌的3-D情形下是否与薛定谔方程的特征值服从相同的统计特性,我们用\emph{Mathematica}和CAS 3D程序分别对Suydam不稳定的1-D平衡和Mercier不稳定的3-D平衡的理想MHD特征值进行了数据集的组装。在一维情况下,我们发现非正则化的Suydam近似谱在零特征值分离处有一个反常峰。另一方面,通过限制$\kvec_{\perp}$的域进行正则化可以恢复预期的泊松分布。在3-D的情况下,我们发现强有力的证据,水平排斥内的模式家庭,但混合模式家庭产生泊松统计。

英文摘要:

In a fully 3-D system such as a stellarator, the toroidal mode number $n$ ceases to be a good quantum number--all $n$s within a given mode family being coupled. It is found that the discrete spectrum of unstable ideal MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) instabilities ceases to exist unless MHD is modified (regularized) by introducing a short-perpendicular-wavelength cutoff. Attempts to use ray tracing to estimate the regularized MHD spectrum fail due to the occurrence of chaotic ray trajectories. In quantum chaos theory, strong chaos in the semiclassical limit leads to eigenvalue statistics the same as those of a suitable ensemble of random matrices. For instance, the probability distribution function for the separation between neighboring eigenvalues is as derived from random matrix theory and goes to zero at zero separation. This contrasts with the Poissonian distribution found in separable systems, showing that a signature of quantum chaos is level repulsion. In order to determine whether eigenvalues of the regularized MHD problem obey the same statistics as those of the Schrödinger equation in both the separable 1-D case and the chaotic 3-D cases, we have assembled data sets of ideal MHD eigenvalues for a Suydam-unstable cylindrical (1-D) equilibrium using \emph{Mathematica} and a Mercier-unstable (3-D) equilibrium using the CAS3D code. In the 1-D case, we find that the unregularized Suydam-approximation spectrum has an anomalous peak at zero eigenvalue separation. On the other hand, regularization by restricting the domain of $\kvec_{\perp}$ recovers the expected Poissonian distribution. In the 3-D case we find strong evidence of level repulsion within mode families, but mixing mode families produces Poissonian statistics.

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