用环形laser陀螺仪直接测量昼夜极移
Direct measurement of diurnal polar motion by ring laser gyroscopes
摘要：
我们报告了第一次直接测量强迫昼夜极移的非常小的影响，在我们的三个大型环形激光器上成功地观察到，现在测量地球自转轴的瞬时方向，当在几个小时的时间间隔内平均时，精度达到10^8分之一。环形激光陀螺为直接连续测量地球瞬时自转轴的位置和Oppolzer模的振幅提供了一种新的可行技术。与此相反，空间大地测量技术（VLBI、SLR、GPS等）不包含关于地球瞬时旋转轴的位置的信息，但对地球固定和惯性参考系之间的完整变换矩阵敏感。陀螺仪的进一步改进将为研究地球内部提供一种强有力的新工具。
英文摘要：
We report the first direct measurements of the very small effect of forced diurnal polar motion, successfully observed on three of our large ring lasers, which now measure the instantaneous direction of Earth's rotation axis to a precision of 1 part in 10^8 when averaged over a time interval of several hours. Ring laser gyroscopes provide a new viable technique for directly and continuously measuring the position of the instantaneous rotation axis of the Earth and the amplitudes of the Oppolzer modes. In contrast, the space geodetic techniques (VLBI, SLR, GPS, etc.) contain no information about the position of the instantaneous axis of rotation of the Earth, but are sensitive to the complete transformation matrix between the Earth-fixed and inertial reference frame. Further improvements of gyroscopes will provide a powerful new tool for studying the Earth's interior.
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