塞浦路斯地表土壤天然伽马放射性水平和相关剂量率的综合研究
A Comprehensive Study of Natural Gamma Radioactivity Levels and Associated Dose Rates from Surface Soils in Cyprus
摘要：
进行了一次调查，以通过高分辨率伽马射线光谱测定法，确定塞浦路斯地理上可进入的整个地区出现的各种地质构造中天然放射性核素Th-232、U-238和K-40的放射性浓度水平和相关剂量率。总共有115个代表性的土壤样品收集从所有的基岩表面的岛屿，根据不同的岩性单位的研究领域，通过细网筛选，密封在1000毫升的塑料马里内利烧杯，并在实验室测量其伽马放射性的计数时间为18小时。根据测量的光谱，确定了Th-232（范围从1.0 × 10 ^-2到39.8 Bq/kg）、U-238（范围从1.0 × 10 ^-2到39.3 Bq/kg）和K-40（范围从4.0 × 10 ^-2到565.8 Bq/kg）的放射性浓度。室外空气中的伽马吸收剂量率计算结果为1.1 x 10 ^-2 - 51.3 nGy/h，具体取决于地质特征，总体平均值为8.7 nGy/h，标准差为8.4 nGy/h。这一数值比联合国辐射科委会（2000年）报告的相应人口加权世界平均值60 nGy/h低7倍左右，是世界各地类似调查报告的最低值之一。假设占用系数为20%，则计算出相当于人口的相应户外有效剂量率在1.3 × 10 ^-2和62.9微Sv/y之间，算术平均值为10.7微Sv/y，标准差为10.3微Sv/y。
英文摘要：
A survey was carried out to determine activity concentration levels and associated dose rates from the naturally occurring radionuclides Th-232, U-238, and K-40, in the various geological formations appearing throughout the geographically accessible area of Cyprus, by means of high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. A total number of 115 representative soil samples were collected from all over the bedrock surface of the island, based on the different lithological units of the study area, sieved through a fine mesh, sealed in 1000-mL plastic Marinelli beakers, and measured in the laboratory with respect to their gamma radioactivity for a counting time of 18 hours each. From the measured spectra, activity concentrations were determined for Th-232 (range from 1.0x10^-2 to 39.8 Bq/kg), U-238 (from 1.0x10^-2 to 39.3 Bq/kg) and K-40 (from 4.0x10^-2 to 565.8 Bq/kg). Gamma absorbed dose rates in air outdoors were calculated to be in the range of 1.1x10^-2 - 51.3 nGy/h, depending on the geological features, with an overall mean value of 8.7 nGy/h and a standard deviation of 8.4 nGy/h. This value is by a factor of about 7 below the corresponding population-weighted world-averaged value of 60 nGy/h reported by UNSCEAR (2000), and one of the lowest that has been reported from similar investigations worldwide. Assuming a 20% occupancy factor, the corresponding effective dose rates outdoors equivalent to the population were calculated to be between 1.3x10^-2 and 62.9 micro Sv/y, with an arithmetic mean value of 10.7 micro Sv/y and a standard deviation of 10.3 micro Sv/y.
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