由γ能谱测量确定地下放射性深度剖面的精确方法
Exact method for determining subsurface radioactivity depth profiles from gamma spectroscopy measurements
摘要：
地下放射性可能是由于放射性核素从受污染的表面迁移到固体体积中，如沉积在土壤上的放射性沉降物，或由于固体体积的快中子活化，如用于辐射屏蔽的混凝土块。为了包括放射性核素在环境中的归宿和迁移研究、辐射设施的退役和去污以及核法医学的目的，需要一种用于确定放射性的地下分布的原位非破坏性方法。在这里开发的方法获得的放射性深度分布的多项式表达式，使用一个小的一组伽马射线计数率测量的准直探测器在各种角度相对于表面法线指向表面。为了证明它的能力，这种多项式方法被施加到简单的情况下，放射性是最大的表面和表面以下的深度呈指数下降，和更困难的情况下，最大的放射性是在表面以下。
英文摘要：
Subsurface radioactivity may be due to transport of radionuclides from a contaminated surface into the solid volume, as occurs for radioactive fallout deposited on soil, or from fast neutron activation of a solid volume, as occurs in concrete blocks used for radiation shielding. For purposes including fate and transport studies of radionuclides in the environment, decommissioning and decontamination of radiation facilities, and nuclear forensics, an in situ, nondestructive method for ascertaining the subsurface distribution of radioactivity is desired. The method developed here obtains a polynomial expression for the radioactivity depth profile, using a small set of gamma-ray count rates measured by a collimated detector directed towards the surface at a variety of angles with respect to the surface normal. To demonstrate its capabilities, this polynomial method is applied to the simple case where the radioactivity is maximal at the surface and decreases exponentially with depth below the surface, and to the more difficult case where the maximal radioactivity is below the surface.
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