光的高阶受激辐射和吸收过程中辐射场的延迟相互作用和时间延迟的对称性破坏
Retarded Interaction of Radiation Field and Symmetry Violation of Time Reversal in the High order Stimulated Radiation and Absorption Processes of Light
摘要：
证明了在考虑辐射场的延迟效应（或多矩效应）时，尽管电磁相互作用的总哈密顿量在时间反演下保持不变，但光的高阶受激辐射和受激吸收几率并不相同，从而破坏了时间反演对称性.造成时间反演对称性破坏的原因是由于能量守恒定律、时间反演前后有效跃迁算符的不对称作用以及原子自身的特殊状态，束缚态原子的某些子跃迁或部分跃迁过程被禁止或实际上不能实现。这些限制将导致其他子跃迁或部分跃迁过程的时间反演对称性破坏，而这些子跃迁或部分跃迁过程是可以实现的。对称性破坏也与时间反转前后束缚原子的初态不对称性有关。对于非束缚态原子与辐射场的电磁相互作用，不存在这种时间反演对称性破坏。这样，就需要对现有的具有时间反演对称性的光受激辐射和吸收参量公式进行修正。讨论了时间反演对称性破坏对激光基础理论的影响，并对非粒子数反转和非辐射跃迁现象作出了解释。这样，就可以为涉及非平衡过程的激光理论和非线性光学理论奠定更加可靠的基础。
英文摘要：
It is proved that when the retarded effect (or multiple moment effect) of radiation fields is taken into account, the high order stimulated radiation and stimulated absorption probabilities of light are not the same so that time reversal symmetry would be violated, though the total Hamiltonian of electromagnetic interaction is still unchanged under time reversal. The reason to cause time reversal symmetry violation is that certain filial or partial transitive processes of bounding state atoms are forbidden or can not be achieved actually due to the law of energy conservation, the asymmetric actions of effective transition operators before and after time reversal, as well as the special states of atoms themselves. These restrictions would cause the symmetry violation of time reversal of other filial or partial transition processes which can be actualized really. The symmetry violation is also relative to the initial state asymmetries of bounding atoms before and after time reversal. For the electromagnetic interaction between non-bounding state atoms and radiation field, there is no this kind of symmetry violation of time reversal. In this way, the current formula of light stimulated radiation and absorption parameters with time reversal symmetry should be revised. The influence of time reversal symmetry violation on the foundational theory of laser is also discussed and the phenomena of non-population inversion and non-radiation transition can also be explained well. In this way, a more reliable foundation can be established for the theories of laser and nonlinear optics in which non-equilibrium processes are involved.
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