气道树中几何形状和流量分布之间的相互作用
Interplay between geometry and flow distribution in an airway tree
摘要：
通过对称分支树可以实现对称体积中的均匀流体流量分配。然而，这里示出的是，如果存在惯性效应，则流划分可以对偏离精确对称性高度敏感。这是通过直接数值模拟三维树状几何中的纳维-斯托克斯方程发现的。流动的不对称性被量化，并发现依赖于雷诺数。此外，对于一个给定的雷诺数，我们表明，流量分布取决于分支元件的纵横比，以及它们的角度安排。我们的研究结果表明，生理变异应严格限制，以确保均匀的流体分布在一棵树。研究表明，人体肺部气流分布的任何不均匀性都应受到呼吸条件、休息或剧烈运动的影响。
英文摘要：
Uniform fluid flow distribution in a symmetric volume can be realized through a symmetric branched tree. It is shown here, however, that the flow partitioning can be highly sensitive to deviations from exact symmetry if inertial effects are present. This is found by direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations in a 3D tree geometry. The flow asymmetry is quantified and found to depend on the Reynolds number. Moreover, for a given Reynolds number, we show that the flow distribution depends on the aspect ratio of the branching elements as well as their angular arrangement. Our results indicate that physiological variability should be severely restricted in order to ensure uniform fluid distribution in a tree. This study suggests that any non-uniformity in the air flow distribution in human lungs should be influenced by the respiratory conditions, rest or hard exercise.
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